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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences; 2017;4(3):99-105
Iyileşme dönemindeki bipolar bozuklukta sürdürüm tedavisi trendleri, sağaltim sonuçlari ve klinik özellikler ile ilişkisi
TD Berkol, YH Balcioglu, HM Aytaç, SS Kırlooğlu, S islam, I Özyıldırım
Bakırkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Hospital, İstanbul
İki uçlu bozuklukta uzun dönem tedavisine ilişkin kanıtlar yeterince tatmin edici değildir. İyilik döneminde başta lityum ve valproat olmak üzere, antipsikotik ve antikonvülzan ajanlar sürdürüm tedavisi seçeneklerindendir. Bu tedavilerle olumlu sonuçlar literatürde gösterilse de, farklı klinik özellikler gösteren hastaların farklı ajanlara yanıtlarına dair çalışmalar yetersizdir. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu ajanların duygudurum ataklarından koruyuculuğunu belirlemek ve daha uygun ilaç seçimi sağlamak için; ilaçların kullanım sıklıklarının, elde edilen yanıt düzeylerinin ve bunların klinik özellikler ile ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Haseki Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Polikliniği’nde izlenmekte olan yüz seksen altı bipolar bozukluk tanılı hasta çalışmaya alınmıştır. Hastaların tümüne SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV); uygulanmış; İki uçlu bozukluğa eşlik eden ek psikiyatrik tanılar saptanmıştır. Her iki hasta grubunun sosyodemografik ve klinik özelliklerini ve yaşam boyu farmakolojik tedavilerini değerlendiren yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme çizelgesi doldurulmuştur. Bu çizelgeler klinik görüşme ile yeniden değerlendirilmiş ve gözden geçirilmiştir. Hastaların sürdürüm tedavisinde %71 lityum, %44 antikonvülzan, %18 antipsikotik monoterapileri ve %23 lityum-antikonvülzan, %15 lityum-antipsikotik, %25 antikonvülzan-antipsikotik kombine tedavilerinin hastalığın herhangi bir döneminde kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Lityum monoterapisi alan hastaların %61’inin, antikonvülzan monoterapisi alan hastaların %62’sinin tedaviye yanıt verdiği saptanmıştır. Antikonvülzan-antipsikotik kombine sürdürüm tedavisi alan hastalarda daha yüksek yanıt oranı bulunmuştur. Evli olmak, psikotik belirtilerin yokluğu, mevsimsellik ve atakların hafif seyretmesi lityum tedavisine yanıtın öngörücüleri olarak saptanmıştır. cevap vermiştir. Erkek, boşanmış, intihar girişimi olan ve duygudurum ataklarında karma özelliğin baskınlığı antikonvulzan ilaçlara iyi yanıtın belirleyicileri olarak saptanmıştır. İki uçlu bozukluğa eşlik eden en sık ek psikiyatrik bozukluk obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk olarak saptanmıştır. İki uçlu bozuklukta nüksetme riskini en aza indirmek için etkin ve uygun sürdürüm tedavisinin belirlenmesi esastır. Lityum monoterapisi, sürdürümde en sık tercih edilen seçenek olsa da, antipsikotiklerin yer aldığı kombine tedavilerin etkin alternatifler olabileceği görülmektedir. Klinik özelliklerin ve tolerabilitenin göz önünde bulundurularak kişiselleştirilmiş tedavi seçeneklerinin planlanması önem arz etmektedir.
Maintenance treatment trends, therapeutic outcomes and their association with clinical features in remitted bipolar disorder
The evidence base data regarding long-term treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) is less than satisfactory. With the first-line rank of lithium and valproate; antipsychotics (AP) and anticonvulsants (AC) considered options for prolonged treatment in remitted bipolar patients. Literature demonstrates various treatment options in remitted patients with different clinical features. The aim of this study to present and assess clinical outcomes of maintenance treatment for BD with various clinical features. In total 186 bipolar patients in remission were enrolled in this study. All the patients were evaluated with SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV) ; and lifelong psychiatric comorbidities were determined. Sociodemographical and clinical features, and lifelong pharmacological treatment of the patients were assessed. Semi-structured interview schedules were filled. 71% lithium, 44% AC, 18% AP monotherapies and 23% lithium-AC, 15% lithium-AP, 25% AC-AP combination therapies were used as maintenance treatment. 61% and 62% of the patients were responders of lithium and AC monotherapies respectively. AC and AP combination had the highest response level. The predictors on the probability of treatment response for lithium were being married, non-psychotic, to show seasonal pattern and less severe episodes. Anticonvulsants were effective in males, divorces, suicide attempters, and the patients with predominance of mixed features in periods. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was the most common comorbid diagnosis in study group. Lithium monotherapy was tended to use in prevention, however treatment combinations which contain APs might be effective alternative to monotherapy. Individualized medication ought to be administered for each patient, with the consideration of clinical features and tolerability.

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