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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2002;12(2):57-63
Şizofren ve diğer psikotik hastalarda klasik ve yeni antipsikotik ilaçların insulin ve glikoz metabolizması üzerindeki etkilerinin karşılaştırılması
E Kurt, T Oral, A Verimli
Ord. Prof.Dr.Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi -Bakırköy - İstanbul - TURKEY
Amaç: Bu natüralistik izleme çalışması ile, şizofreni veya ilişkili bir psikotik bozukluğu olan hastalarda klasik ve yeni antipsikotiklerin insülin ve glikoz metabolizması üzerine etkilerinin karşılaştırılması; antipsikotiklerle ilişkili olarak ortaya çıkabilecek, glikoz metabolizma bozukluğunun muhtemel mekanizmalarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya en az bir haftadır ilaç kullanmayan 109 hasta ile başlanmış, sonuçta haloperidol ve depo antipsikotikler ile yeni antipsikotik ilaçlardan klozapin, olanzapin, risperidon, ketiapin ya da sülpirid kullanan 75 hasta istatistiksel değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmanın başlangıcında ve en az 2 ay sonra tedavisini düzenli kullanan hastaların açlık kan şekeri ve Oral Glukoz Tolerans Testi (OGTT)'nin 2. saatinde tokluk kan şekeri ile insülin değerleri ölçülmüştür. Diyabetes Mellitus (DM) tanısı için Amerikan Diyabet Birliği ölçütleri esas alınmıştır. Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) testi ile insülin direnci araştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Klozapin açlık kan şekerinde, ketiapin ise OGTT'den iki saat sonra ölçülen kan şekerinde, tedavi sonrası istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış oluşturmuştur. Hem açlık hem de tokluk kan şekerine, olanzapin ve risperidonun bir etkisi gözlenmemiştir. Klasik antipsikotik ilaçlar açlık kan şekerini anlamlı, sülpirid ise istatistiksel anlamlılığa varmayan oranda düşürmüştür. Periferik insülin rezistansı gözlenmemiştir ancak, kan şekeri yükselmesine rağmen insülin düzeyinin değişmemiş olması; klozapin ve ketiapinin insülinin salgılanmasını ya da periferik dokularda glikoz metabolizması üzerindeki etkisini engellediğini düşündürmektedir.
Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmada klozapin ve ketiapin'in kan şekerinde yükselmeye neden olan etkilerinin bulunduğu ve olası mekanizmanın da insülinin salgılanmasını bloke edici ve dolayısıyla glikoz metabolizmasına olan insülin etkisini engellemek şeklinde olduğu saptanmış; buna karşılık, olanzapin, risperidon ve klasik antipsikotikler diyabet açısından daha güvenli ve kan şekeri üzerine etkisiz bulunmuştur.
Comparison of the effects of classical and novel antipsychotic drugs on the insulin and glucose metabolisms of patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
Objective: The effects of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on insuline and glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders and possible mechanism underlying this effect were investigated in a naturalistic follow-up design.
Method: One hundred nine patients who were at least in a drug-free period for one week were included in the study and 75 patients receiving either haloperidol, depot antipsychotics or novel antipsychotics (i.e. clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine and sulpiride) were evaluated statistically. Blood glucose, insuline and glucose levels in the second hour of Oral Glucose Tolorence Test (OGTT) were checked at the beginning and minimum in the second [month] of the drug treatment in patients who were receiving their drugs properly. Patients were diagnosed as Diabetes Mellitus according to the criteria of American Diabetes Association. Insuline resistance was also checked by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) test.
Results: Clozapine increased fasting blood glucose levels and quetiapine increased glucose levels after OGTT while, olanzapine and risperidone did not have any effect. On the other hand, classical antipsychotics significantly decreased blood glucose levels. There was no difference in peripheric insuline resistance; as blood glucose levels were increased without a change in insuline levels, this finding suggested that clozapine and quetiapine might have an influence on the secretion of insuline or on glucose metabolism in the peripheric tissues.
Conclusion: Clozapine and quetiapine were found to increase blood glucose levels and the possible mechanism underlying this was the suppression of the secretion of insuline or the influnce on glucose metabolism. Olanzapine, risperidone and classical antipsychotics were found relatively safe in terms of diabetes mellitus as they did not have any influence on blood glucose levels.

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