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Yıl:2001; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2001;11(4):242-250
Major depresif bozukluklu hastalarda geç parsiyel uyku deprivasyonu ve antidepresif ilaç tedavisinin bölgesel kan akımına etkileri: Bir SPECT çalışması
S Ebrinç, C Başoğlu, V Yılmaz, M Çetin, Y Narin, MY Ağargün
GATA Haydarpaşa Psikiyatri, İstanbul
Amaç: Bu çalışmada major depresif bozukluk tanısı almış olgularda geç parsiyel uyku deprivasyonunun ve antidepresif ilaç (ADİ) tedavisinin bölgesel serebral kan akımına (bSKA) etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: DSM-IV ölçütlerine göre major depresif bozukluk tanısı konulan gönüllü 16 erkek yatan hasta ve 5 sağlıklı erkek kontrol denek çalışmaya alınmıştır. Tüm deneklere uyku deprivasyonu (UD) öncesi ve sonrası Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE) ve Hamilton Depresyon Değerlendirme Ölçeği(HDDÖ) uygulandı. Yine tüm olgularda UD'ndan 1 hafta önce ve UD sonrası 99m Tc HMPAO SPECT incelemesi yapıldı. Hasta grubu olgularda UD sonrası SPECT uygulamasını takiben başlanan ADİ tedavisinin 2, 4 ve 6. haftalarında HDDÖ, BDÖ ve 6. hafta sonunda SPECT tekrarlandı. Uygulanan geç parsiyel UD tekniğinde, gece 21.00-02.00 arası uyuması sağlanan denek; 02.00'de uyandırılıp sabah SPECT uygulaması yapılıncaya kadar uyanık tutuldu. UD'una pozitif yanıt ölçütü olarak, UD sonrası HDDÖ puanlarında en az % 30 oranında düşüş olması esas alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Hasta grubunda UD sonrası BDE ve HDDÖ puan ortalamaları, UD öncesine göre anlamlı düzeyde düşme gösterirken; kontrol grubunda anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmadı. HDDÖ puanlarındaki düşmeye göre, hasta grubunda 16 olgudan 12'si (%75) UD'ununa pozitif yanıt vermiştir. Altı haftalık ADİ tedavisi sonrası UD'ununa cevap veren depresif hastalarda UD öncesi değerlere göre BDE ve HDDÖ puan ortalamalarındaki düşme anlamlı düzeyde bulunmuştur. Hasta grubunda sağlıklı kontrollere göre UD öncesi bSKA oranlarında sağ anterior temporal (at.) bölgede yüksek, sağ oksipital (oks.) bölgede ise düşük değerler anlamlı düzeyde idi. Hasta grubunda UD sonrası, UD öncesine göre başka oranlarında anlamlı bir değişiklik bulunmazken, altı haftalık ADİ tedavisi sonrası UD öncesine göre sağ parietal (par.) ve sol inferior frontal 1 (if1) ve 3 (if3)'ncü bölgelerde anlamlı düzeyde artış olduğu saptanmıştır. UD'ununa yanıt veren depresif hastalarda sağlıklı kontrollere göre, UD öncesi serebral perfüzyonda sağ at. bölgede anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek ve sağ oks., sol talamus (tal.) ve sol oks. bölgelerde anlamlı düzeyde daha düşük oranlar saptanırken; UD sonrası sağ superior frontal 1(sf1) ve 2(sf2)'nci bölgelerde ve sol sf1'nci bölgede anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek oranlar saptanmıştır. Yine UD'ununa yanıt veren hastalarda, UD öncesi baz değerlere göre ADİ tedavisi sonrasında sol if1 ve 3, sol sf 1 ve 2, sol at. ve sağ par. bölgelerde anlamlı düzeyde perfüzyon artışı saptanırken, UD'ununa yanıt vermeyenlerde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır.

Sonuç: Hasta grubunun dörtte üçünde UD, HDDÖ puanlarında dramatik bir azalmaya neden olurken, ADİ tedavisinin aynı ölçek puanlarında daha yavaş ama daha sürekli bir azalmayı sağladığı saptanmıştır. UD'una yanıt veren depresif olgularda ADİ tedavisi sonrası UD öncesi değerlere göre, özellikle sol frontal bölgelerdeki perfüzyon oranlarında artış saptanması anlamlı bir bulgu olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
The effects of late partial sleep deprivation and antidepressive drug treatment to regional cerebral blood flow in patients with major depressive disorder: A SPECT study
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of late partial sleep deprivation and antidepressive drug treatment (ADT) on regional cerebral blood flow (rBCF) in patients with major depressive disorder.

Method: Sixteen volunteer male inpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV and 5 healthy male control subjects were enrolled into the study. All subjects were applied to Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) both before and after sleep deprivation (SD). 99mTc HMPAO SPECT was performed one week before SD and after SD in all cases. Depressed patients were treated with an antidepressive drug right after firs SPECT and were assessed by using HAM-D and BDI at second, fourth, and sixth weeks of ADT, then a second SPECT was performed after six week. In late partial SD procedure, subjects who were sleeping between 0900 PM and 0200 AM were awakened at 0200 AM and were not allowed to sleep until the morning SPECT application. Positive response criterion for SD was accepted as minimum 30 % decrease in HAM-D scores.

Results: In depressed patients BDI and HAM-D mean scores, decreased significantly but in control group there was no significant difference before and after SD. According to the decrease in HAM-D scores 12 out of (75 %) cases in patients group were accepted as SD responders to. Decrease in mean scores of BDI and HAM-D compared to pre-SD scores was found to be significant for depressed patients responding to SD after 6 weeks of ADT. As for the pre-SD rCBF, high scores in the right anterior temporal region (at.) and low scores in right occipital region (occ.) were significant for depressedpatients compared to the healthy controls. rCBF rates did not differ significantly before and after SD, however significant increase was detected in the right parietal (par.) and left inferior frontal 1st (if1) and 3rd (if3) compared opposed to pre-SD levels after 6 weeks period of ADT. In depressed patients responding to SD cerebral perfusion rates were significantly higher on right at. region significantly lower on right occ., left thalamus (thal.) and left occ. regions before SD compared to healthy controls. Additionally cerebral perfusion rates were significantly higher on 1st and 2nd regions of right superior frontal (sf) and 1st region of left sf after SD. With regard to the pre-SD basal values in patients replying SD, significant perfusion increase was found in left if1 and if3, left sf1 and sf2, left at. and left par. regions after ADT, nonetheless no significant difference was found in patients who did not respond to SD.

Conclusion: SD leads to a dramatic decline in HAM-D scores in three quarters of the depressed patients, whereas ADT presents a slower but a more continuous decline in the same scale scores. Increase perfusion rates especially on left frontal regions according to pre-SD baseline values after ADT in depressed patients responding to SD, was interpreted as an intriguing finding.

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