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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 20; Sayı: 40>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2017;20(40):109-127
Tutumlarımızın Ne Kadar Farkındayız? Örtük Tutumlar ve Örtük Ölçüm Yöntemleri
L Korkmaz
Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara
Kişiler her zaman tutumlarını başkalarına beyan etmeyi tercih etmeyebilirler ve/veya bazen bilinç düzeyinde tutumlarının farkında olmayabilirler. Bu bağlamda, açık ölçümlerle karşılaştırıldığında, kişilerin kontrolleri ve farkındalıkları dışındaki tutumları değerlendirme konusunda çok daha hassas olduğu düşünülen örtük tutum ölçümleri, özellikle son yıllarda, sıklıkla kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Öte yandan, hem örtük tutum kavramı hem de örtük ölçüm yöntemleriyle ilgili tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, devam eden tartışmalara da değinilerek, örtük tutum kavramı bilimsel bir kavram olarak tanıtılmış, örtük ve açık ölçüm yöntemleri arasındaki farklılaşma ve örtük ölçümlerin açık ölçümlere göre avantajları üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca, farklı örtük ölçüm yöntemleri, kağıt-kalem testleri, tepki hızına bağlı ölçümler ve fizyolojik ölçümler olmak üzere üç başlık altında örneklerle incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın, örtük ölçüm yöntemlerini kullanmayı düşünen araştırmacılar için yol gösterici olması ve örtük tutumlar ve ölçüm yöntemleriyle ilgili tartışmalı noktaları aydınlatmaya yönelik gelecekte yürütülecek çalışmalarla konuyla ilgili bilgimizi artırması beklenmektedir.
To What Extent are We Aware of Our Attitudes? Implicit Attitudes and Implicit Measures
In some situations, people might be reluctant to report their attitudes and in some other situations, they might be unaware of their attitudes. Accordingly, implicit measures, which have been used more frequently in recent years, provide an opportunity to evaluate attitudes out of control and awareness. Although the popularity of implicit measures have been increasing there are ongoing discussions and many criticisms about the concepts of implicit attitude and implicit measure. In this article, by emphasizing these discussions, first, implicit attitudes have been described as a scientific concept. Then, the differences between implicit and explicit measures and the advantageous of implicit measures over explicit measures have been discussed. Additionally, different types of implicit measures namely paper-pencil tests, reaction-time based implicit measures and physiological measures have been introduced by giving examples for each category. It is expected that this review will provide a direction for researchers who intend to use implicit measures. It is also expected that further studies aiming to provide insight into the controversial issues about implicit attitudes and implicit measures will increase our knowledge on these topics.

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