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Yıl:2000; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2000;10(3):144-152
Obsesif kompulsif bozukluğun etypatojenezinde yeni bir boyut: PANDAS
E Bayraktar, Y Kala
Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, İzmir
Bir zamanlar psikolojik bir bozukluk veya nevroz olarak dikkate alınan çocukluk çağı başlangıçlı obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk (OKB) günümüzde genetik duyarlılık,,nörofizyolojik anormallikler ve beyinde bölgesel işlev bozukluğu gibi eşitli etyolojik faktölerin rol oynadığı nörobiyolojik bir bozukluk olarak bilinmektedir. çoocukluk çağı başlangıçlı obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk ve tik bozukluğu bulunan bir grup hastada belirtiler A grubu hemolitik streptokok enfeksiyonu ile dramatik olarak başlamakta ya da alevlenmektedir. Bu hastaları bir bölümünde bazal gangliyon nukleuslar ile reaksiyon veren antinöronal antikorların bulunduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu hastalarda bazal gangliyonları etkileyen ve obsesif-kompulsif belirtilere neden olan, enfeksiyon tarafından başlatılan bir immun süreç bulunduğu öne sürülmüştür. Bu grup (Streptokoksik Enfeksiyonun Yol açtığı çocukluk çağı Nöropsikiyatrik Bozukluğu) PANDAS olarak adlandırılmıştır.
Bu yazıda PANDAS kavramını destekleyen araştırma sonuçları gözden geçirilmiş ve kısıtlılıkları tartışılmıştır. Streptokoksik enfeksiyonla çocukluk çağı nöropsikiyatrik bozukluklarını başlangıcı veya alevlenmesi arasında gerçek bir etyolojik ilişki bulunup bulunmadığını ve bu durumlarda immun sistemi modifiye eden tedavilerin kullanılmasının akılcı olup olmadığını belirlemek üzere uygun kontrollu araştırmalara gerek vardır.
A new dimension to etiopathogenesis of obsessive compulsive disorder: PANDAS
Childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), once considered a psychological disorder or neurosis, is now known to be a neurobiological disorder with a variety of etiologic factors, including genetic susceptibility, neurophysiological aberrations, and regional brain dysfunction. A subset of patients with pediatric onset obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic syndromes (e.g. Tourette? syndrome) have dramatic symptom onset or exacerbation associated with group A -hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections. Some of these patients have been demonstrated to have antineuronal antibodies reactive with nuclei of the basal ganglion. It has been hypothesized that these patients have an immune process initiated by infection that affects the basal ganglion and causes obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The group was designated by the acronym PANDAS, for pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections. This article reviews research results supporting the concept of PANDAS and discusses their limitations. Well-designed and adequately controlled studies are needed to determine whether there is a true etiologic relation between streptococcal infection and the onset or exacerbation of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders and whether the use of immune-modifying therapies for these conditions is rational.

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