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Yıl:1998; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 1998;8(3):139-144
Lityumun hematopoietik sistem üzerindeki etkileri
S Sofuoğlu
Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri
Mültisistemik etkileri bilinen lityumun terapötik dozlarda hematopoietik etkiler oluşturabildiği bilinmektedir. İlk araştırmacılar da lityum tedavisinin bir yan etkisi olarak nötrofiliden bahsetmişlerdir. Eozinofil sayısının yükseldiği de ileri sürülmüştür. Monositlerin arttığı, azaldığı veya değişmediğine dair bildiriler mevcuttur. Lenfosit konsantrasyonlarının hafifçe yükselmiş, azalmış veya değişmez bulunduğu da bildirilmiştir. Trombosit konsantrasyonlarının ise hafifçe yükseldiği veya değişmediği ileri sürülmüştür, fakat trombosit agregasyonunun değişmediği toksik olmayan dozlarda lityum uygulamasının insanlarda eritrosit ve retikülosit sayılarını etkilemediği hususunda fikir birliği vardır. Biz de kısa süreli (3 velO gün) lityum verdiğimiz bipolar hastalarda hafif derecede bir granülositoz gözlemiş fakat bunun 6 aylık uygulamadan sonra görülmemesinin, lityumun granülosiiler üzerindeki etkisinin geçici olduğu hipotezini desteklediği sonucuna varmıştık (11). Lityumun hematopoietik pluripotent kök hücreleri CSF (Colony Stimulating Factor) aracılığı ile değil, direkt olarak etkileyebileceği ileri sürülmüşse de in vivo çalışmaların sonuçları çelişkilidir. Biz de 1 hafta ve 1 yıldan fazla süreli lityum uygulanan bipolar hastalarda gerçekleştirdiğimiz çalışmada ilk haftada gözlenen granulositozisin G-CSF stimulasyonuna bağlı olmadığını ve uzun süreli uygulamada granülosit artışının ortadan kalktığını tesbit etmiştik (18). Lityum ile stimüle edilen lenfosit kültürlerinde lityumun siklik nukleotid metabolizmasını değiştirdiği veya Na-K ATPaz seviyelerinde değişiklik oluşturduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, mekanizması üzerinde fikir birliği olmamakla beraber, lityumun hematopoietik sistemin bir modulatörü olduğuna dair in vitro ve in vivo birçok delil mevcuttur.
Effects of lithium on hematopoietic system
It has been known that lithium, which has multisystemic effects, could produce some hematological changes. Neutrophilia as a side effect of lithium treatment was mentioned by early investigators. Eosinophilia has also been reported. Monocytes have been reported to be increased, decreased or unaffected as have been lymphocytes. Blood platelet concentration has been found to be slightly increased or unaffected but platelet aggregation is unaffected. There is a universal agreement that lithium administration in nontoxic doses has no effect on red blood cells or reticulocytes in humans. We found a significant increase in both total VVBC counts and cortisol levels from the 3rd day on Lithium administration compared to the pre-lithium values. But after the 6-month lithium treatment, the VVBC counts were not different from those of the baseline. We conclude that lithium-induced granulocytosis might be transient in nature despite the continuation of long-term lithium treatment (11). Although it has been suggested that lithium (Li) does not act through stimulating of colony stimulating factor (GSF) and that it might directly affect hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells, the results of in vivo studies are somewhat controversial. We found that the values of granulocyte significantly increased in the fourth week of Li administration compared to the baseline values (t=2.90 p<0.05) but this increase was not associated with a significant increase in G-CSF values. We conclude that granulocytosis induced by short-term Li treatment in bipolar patients can not be explained solely by the stimulation of G-CSF activity and that iiicreased granulocyte count approaches the pre-lithium values with long-term Li treatment (18). In stimulated lymphocyte cultures, Li effects are thought to be due to altered cyclic nucleotide metabolism or altered levels of Na-K ATPase. In conclusion, although there is no consensus on its mechanism, Li may modulate hematopoietic system, especially in the granulopoietic pathway. However, hematological variables have a tendency toward normalization with long-term Li treatment.

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