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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Özel Dergisi; 2018;4(1):69-76
Bebek Ruh Sağlığında Erken Müdahale Programları
B Şahin, K Karabekiroğlu
On Dokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun
Tüm canlılar içinde anne babaya bağımlı olarak yaşaması gereken en uzun süreye sahip olan insanın ilk 3 yılı, gelişimsel nörobiyoloji kuramlarının hemen her birinde psikopatoloji süreçlerinin oluşumu ya da gelişimi açısından "hassas dönem" olarak ifade edilir. Bebek ruh sağlığında erken müdahalenin temel taşlarını genel tıbbi yaklaşımda olduğu gibi koruyucu hekimlik oluşturmaktadır. Sorunların çoğunun süreğenliği nedeniyle değerlendirme, tanılama ve erken müdahale oldukça önemlidir. Toplum tabanlı çalışmalarda 18 aylık çocukların yaklaşık beşte birinde ruh sağlığı bozuklukları görülmektedir. Çalışmalar özellikle küçük yaş grubu çocuklarda değerlendirmenin kendisinin de tedavi edici yönde bir müdahale olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bebek-ebeveyn psikoterapisi; Sezgisel yaklaşımlı bebek odaklı rehberlik; Kısa süreli dinamik psikoterapi; Duyu Entegrasyonu Terapisi; vb. yaklaşımlar bu dönemde uygulanan erken müdahale programlarına örnektir. Ayrıca bu yazıda Anne-Çocuk Ev Programı, Florida Ebeveyn Eğitimi Bebek ve Oyun Çocuğu ve Ypsilanti-Carnegie Bebek Eğitimi Projesi gibi örnekler de incelenmiştir.
Early Intervention Programs in Infant Mental Health
Humankind has the longest duration of dependent period on nursery and the first three years of life are assumed to be the "sensitive period" in terms of psychopathology development in every kind of developmental neurobiology theories. Early Intervention Programs in Infant Mental Health basicly involves preventive medical approaches. As most of the problems have stability, the assessment and diagnostic measures and early intervention have significant importance. The community-based studies report that almost one in every five child with 18 mo. age have any kind of psychiatric disorder. In addition, previous studies report that the assessment itself may be benefitial in terms of therapeutic efficacy. Early intervention Programs include Infant-Parent Psychotherapy, Intuition-based child focused counselling, Short period dynamic psychotherapy, Sensory Integration Therapy, etc. In addition, we briefly mentioned other programs such as Mother- Child Home Program, Florida Parent Education Infant and Toddler Program, and Ypsilanti- Carnegie Infant Education Project.

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