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Yıl:1995; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1995;6(3):216-225
Şizofrenide Glutamat Hipotezi
B DEMİR
Glutamat, merkezi sinir sisteminde bulunan önemli uyarıcı amino asitlerden birisidir. Etkide bulunduğu iyon kanalı içeren reseptörler agonist maddelerine göre NMDA, kainate ve AMPA reseptörleri olarak adlandırılıyorlar. Bunlara ek olarak etkilerini ikinci haberci sistemler aracılığı ile gerçekleştiren metabotropik reseptörleri de bulunuyor. Yakın zamanlara değin yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgular, beyinde glutamat iletimindeki bazı bozuklukların şizofreninin gerisindeki fizyopatolojik süreçlerde önemli bir role sahip olabileceğini düşündürüyor. Bu hastaların bir kısmında, beyin omurilik sıvısı ve bazı beyin bölgelerinin glutamat düzeylerinde bir azalma olabileceğini düşündüren araştırma bulguları bulunmaktadır. Fensiklidin (FSK), şizofreniye çok benzer piskotik tablolar yaratan bir maddedir. FSK’in bu etkisini NMDA reseptörlerinde blokaj yaparak gerçekleştirdiğinin anlaşılması, şizofrenide glutamat iletiminde bir bozukluk olduğunu düşündüren bulguları desteklemiştir. Otopsi yapılan kişilerin beyinleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilen çalışmalardan da hastalığın fizyopatolojisinde glutamat reseptörlerinin bir rolü olabileceği düşüncesini destekleyen bazı bulgular elde edilmiş durumdadır.

Glutamatergic Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
Glutamate is one of the main excitatory amino acids in CNS. The actions of glutamate are mediated at distinct classes of receptors which can be classified into two major families on the basis of their mechanisms of transduction; ionotropic receptors (NMDA, kainate and AMPA) and metabotropic receptors. Until recently, there has been a growing body of evidence suggesting that dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission might have pathophysiological significance in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. One of these disorders is schizophrenia. Current evidence indicates that in schizophrenia, glutamate levels can be decreased in CSF and at certain brain regions. The involvement of glutamate in schizophrenia is supported by observations that phencyclidine (PCP), the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, produces psychotomimetic symptoms that resemble schizophrenia in humans. Further support for the role of glutamate receptors in pathophysiology of schizophrenia comes from postmortem brain studies. This paper discusses the findings which suggest that endogenous dysfunction of glutamate neurotransmission might contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

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