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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2017;7(1):82-88
Asker intiharları
KN Özmenler
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Ankara
Asker intiharları hem askeri birliğin iç dinamikleri hem de toplumsal beklentiler açısından önem taşır. Askerler intihar davranışı açısından içinde bulundukları topluma benzer özellikler gösterirler. Ancak yaş ve cinsiyet özellikleri ile intihar riski açısından özel bir grup oluştururlar. Epidemiyolojik çalışmalar özel risk etmenleri dışlandığında topluma benzer verilere işaret etmektedir. Düzenli sağlık muayeneleri, psikolojik danışma sistemleri, yakın ilişkiler, birlik bütünlüğü koruyucu birer etmendir. Silaha kolay erişebilmek, tekrarlayan ve uzayan harekât görevleri ise özel risk etmenleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Silahın varlığı ve kolay erişilebilirliğinin ölümle sonuçlanan her türlü olasılığı iki kat kadar artırdığı ileri sürülmektedir. Düşük kendilik algısına yol açan mesleki sorunlar, mesleki tatmin ve beklentilerle ilişkili belirsizlikler, yaş, eğitim ve rütbe arasındaki uyumsuzluklar, yalnızlık hissi, günlük yaşamda tekdüzelik, kültürel çatışmalar, kişiler arası ilişkilerde sınırlarını koruyamama, alışageldiği çözüm yöntemlerini kullanamama ruhsal zorlanma yaratan etmenlerdir. Depresif belirtiler, madde kullanımı, maddi ve sosyal destek yetersizlikleri, aile içi çatışmalar psikolojik otopsilerde sık karşılaşılan sorun alanlarıdır. Vakaya müdahalede kriz odaklı yaklaşım önem taşımaktadır. Tanısal değerlendirme dışında, ego gücü, dürtü kontrolu, problem çözme becerileri, başa çıkma mekanizmaları gibi ruhsal beceriler de değerlendirilmelidir. Kişisel bildirime dayalı test ve anketlerin askerlerde güvenilirliği düşük olabilir. Bundan dolayı intihar riskinin değerlendirilmesinde yeterli zaman ayırıp psikiyatrik görüşme yapmak altın kural kabul edilmelidir. Farkındalığı artırıcı eğitimlere, psikososyal destek uygulamalarına ısrarla devam etmek askerlerde görülen intihar davranışlarını önlemede halen geçerli yöntemlerdir.
Military suicides
Military suicides are important both for the internal dynamics of the military unit and for social expectations. Soldiers carry similar characteristics within terms of suicidal behavior. However, they form a special group in terms of risk of suicide with age and gender characteristics. Epidemiological studies, when special risk factors are excluded suggest similar data to the general population. Health examinations, close relationships, esprit de corps are protective factors. Easy access to weapons, and repetitive and prolonged operational tasks are special risk factors. It is argued that the presence of the weapon and easy accessibility have doubled the probability resulting in death. Uncertainties related to job satisfaction, occupational satisfaction and expectations, mismatches between age, education and rank, feelings of loneliness, uniformity in daily life, cultural conflicts, inability to maintain limits in interpersonal relationships, and the inability to use customary solutions are the factors that cause mental strain. Depressive symptoms, substance abuse, lack of financial and social support, family conflicts are common problems in psychological autopsies. A crisis-oriented approach is important to the intervention of the subject. Except from diagnostic evaluation, psychological skills should also be assessed such as ego power, impulse control, problem solving skills, coping skills etc. Self-reporting based testing and questionnaires may be less reliable for soldiers. Therefore, psychiatric interview should be accepted as a golden rule to evaluate the suicide risk. Continuing insistence on awareness raising, psychosocial support practices are still valid methods to prevent.

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