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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2017;7(1):64-72
Yașlılarda intihar davranıșı ve müdahale ilkeleri
Ç Yenilmez
Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir
Günümüzde tedavi edici ve koruyucu tıp alanındaki gelişmeler, beslenme, sağlık ve yaşam koşullarının iyileştirilmesi, doğum hızının azalması ve yaşam süresinin uzaması ile dünyada hem yaşlı nüfusun sayısı hem de yaşlı nüfusun toplam nüfus içindeki oranı artmaktadır. Gelecekte bu sayı ve oranın daha da artacağı öngörülmektedir. Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de beklenen yaşam ömürleri uzamaktadır. Yaşlılık döneminde emeklilik ve sosyal statü kaybı, toplumsal roller ve bu rollerdeki değişimler, kuşaklar arası çatışmalar, fiziksel hastalıklar ve işlev kaybı, güç ve yeti kaybı, eş, akraba ve arkadaşların kaybı, ekonomik kayıplar, çevreye bağımlılık, yalnızlık ve umutsuzluk gibi sorunlar baş gösterir. Buna paralel olarak da yaşlılarda ruhsal bozukluk yaygınlığı ve intiharlar artmaktadır. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu istatistikleri en yüksek yaşa özel intihar hızının yaşlı erkeklerde olduğunu göstermektedir. İntiharın kendisi gibi önlenmesi de değişik yönleri olan karmaşık bir konudur. İntihar zamanında fark edilip önlenebilecek toplumsal bir sorundur. Yaşlılarda intihardan koruyucu etmenler ve yaşamı sürdürme nedenlerinin iyi bilinmesi intiharı önlemede önemlidir. Bu amaçla yaşlı bireylere yeterli sosyal, tıbbi ve psikiyatrik destek sağlanmalıdır. Bu gözden geçirmede, yaşlanma ve yaşlılık, yaşlılık dönemi ile ilişkili istatistikler, bu döneme ait sorunlar ve ruhsal bozukluklar, yaşlılıkta intiharlar ve intiharla ilişkili istatistikler, yaşlılıkta intihar nedenleri ve risk etmenleri, intihar yöntemleri, intiharı önleme ve müdahale ilkeleri ele alınacaktır.
The behaviour of suicide in elderly people and the principles of intervention
The number of elderly people in the world and the ratio of elderly people within the total world population increases thanks to a couple of reasons, which are the advancements in curative, and protective medicine; the improvement in nourishment, health, and life conditions; and the decrease in birth rate, and the increase in lifespan today. It is expected that this number and ratio will increase more in the future. Just like it is in the whole world, life expectancy is increasing in Turkey, as well. In old age, problems such as retirement and social status loss; changes in social roles; conflict of generations; physical illnesses and function loss; power and competence loss; loss of a partner, relative or friend; economical loss; dependency in surroundings; loneliness and hopelessness emerge. In parallel with this, prevalence of psychological disorder and suicide increases in elderly people. The statistical data in Turkish Statistical Institute demonstrates that especially suicides rates are the highest in elderly men. Likewise suicide itself, preventing suicide is also a complex issue, which has different aspects. Suicide is also a societal problem, which can be prevented by timely diagnose. Well known of reasons for survival and factors preventing suicide are important in suicide prevention in elderly. With this aim, sufficient social, medical and psychiatric support should be given to elderly people. In this review, growing old and senility; the statistics related with old age; the problems related with this period and psychological disorders; suicide in old age; the causes of suicide in old age and the risk factors; the methods of suicide; prevention of suicide and the principles of intervention will be covered.  

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