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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2017;7(1):27-36
İntihar girișimlerinde ilk yardım: yapılması ve yapılmaması gerekenler
HD Özgüven, İ Sönmez
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Tamamlanmış intiharların yaklaşık yarısında daha önce intihar girişimi öyküsü olduğu saptanmıştır. Fakat birçok ülkede yapılan çalışmaların sonuçları acil servise intihar girişimi ile gelen hastaların %60-%80’inin psikiyatri konsültasyonu almadan hastaneden ayrıldığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu konuda özellikle acil servis hekimlerine verilen eğitimlerin intihara yaklaşımda daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği literatürde vurgulanmıştır. Bir intihar girişimi ile karşılaşıldığında yapılması gereken ilk şey tıbbi müdahalenin sağlanmasıdır. Her intihar girişimi önemsenmeli ve tıbbi müdahalenin ardından hastanın psikiyatri konsültasyonu alması sağlanmalıdır. Öncelikle iyi bir terapötik ilişki kurarak hastanın ölüm isteği, nedenleri, sorunları ayrıntılı konuşulabilmelidir. Öykülerinde daha önceki intihar girişimleri veya psikiyatrik bir tanı varlığı araştırılmalıdır. Burada amaç hastaya psikiyatrik bir tanı varlığında uygun farmakoterapi ve sorunlarla baş etmesini geliştirecek uygun terapi yöntemlerini sunmaktır. Acil servise başvuran intihar hastaları içinde özellikle ciddi duygudurum bozukluğu ve şizofreni spektrum bozukluğu olan hastalarda EKT seçeneği de düşünülmelidir. Psikiyatristin vermesi gereken bir diğer karar hastaneye yatışın gerekip gerekmediğidir. Bu gibi hastaların hepsinin yatışa ihtiyacı yoktur, bazıları ayaktan hasta prensibiyle tedavi edilebilir. Ancak güçlü bir sosyal destek sisteminin olmayışı, dürtüsel davranış geçmişi olması, intihar için eylem planı olması hastaneye yatış için endikasyonlardır. Güvenli ve destekleyici yaşam koşulları ve ayaktan psikiyatrik bakımın devam ettiği koşulda, hastanın önceden tıbbi olarak anlamlı girişimleri ve kronik bir intihar düşüncesi yoksa ayaktan takip edilebilir.
First aid for suicide attempts: to dos and not to dos
Approximately half of the completed suicides were previously found to have suicide attempts. However, the results of studies conducted in many countries have shown that 60% -80% of patients with suicide attempts in emergency services leave the hospital without a psychiatric consultation. Much has been emphasized in the literature, in particular, of the training given to emergency physicians for better results in suicide attempts. The first thing that must be done when a suicide attempt is met is to provide medical intervention. Every suicide attempt should be considered important and the patient should be provided with a psychiatric consultation after medical intervention. First of all, by establishing a good therapeutic relationship, the patient’s desire for death, causes and problems should be discussed in detail. Previous episodes of suicide attempts or a psychiatric diagnosis should be investigated in the story. The aim here is to provide the patient with appropriate pharmacotherapy in the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis and appropriate therapies to improve their ability to cope with problems. ECT should also be considered in patients with severe mood disorder and schizophrenia-spectrum disorder in suicidal patients who are admitted to emergency services. Another decision the psychiatrist should give is whether the patient should be hospitalized. All such patients do not require admission, and some may be treated. However, the absence of a strong social support system, the history of impulsive behavior, and the fact that there is an action plan for suicide are indications for admission to the hospital. If the patients are receiving reliable and supportive healthcare services, as well as ongoing outpatient psychiatric care, their monitorization can be continued as outpatients unless they do not have a history of medically significant suicide attempts or chronic suicidal thoughts. 

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