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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 54; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2016;54(4):7-15
Hamilelikte Trimesterin ve Fetal Cinsiyetin Yüz Tanıma Belleği ve Hemisferik Asimetri Üzerindeki Etkisi
E Gülbetekin, M Şimşek
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya
Amaç: Menstrüasyon döneminde yüz algısına ilişkin hemisferik asimetriler (HA) çalışılmış olmakla birlikte, hamilelik dönemindeki yüz algısına ilişkin HA ile ilgili hiçbir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada hamilelik boyunca değişen yüz algısının ve trimester ile fetal cinsiyetin HA ve yüz tanıma belleği üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: İlk deneyde bir yüz ayırt etme görevinde görsel yarı-alan tekniği kullanılarak hamile kadınlardaki (n=31) HA araştırılmış ve bu katılımcıların performansları, hamile olmayan ve menstruasyon döneminde bulunan kadınlarla (n=34) karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, yüz tanıma belleği test edilmiştir. İkinci deneyde hamile kadınların (n=49) yüz algısında trimesterin ve fetüs cinsiyetinin etkileri test edilmiştir. Bulgular: Hamile olan ve olmayan kadınlar yüz ayırt etmede bir sağ hemisfer baskınlığı (SAHB) göstermiş (F(1, 63) = 8.17, p = .006, np2 = .11); bununla birlikte, hamile kadınlar (n = 31, M = 6.16, SD = 1.43), yüz ayırt etme görevinde görmüş oldukları yüz uyarıcılarını hamile olmayan kadınlara (n = 34, M = 5.24, SD = 1.77) kıyasla daha yüksek oranda doğru olarak hatırlamıştır F(1, 63) = 22,78, p = .001, n2 = .27. Tüm trimesterlerde sağ hemisfer performansının daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir (F(1, 43) = 9.81, p = .003, np2 = .19). Ayrıca, SOGA/SAH (sol görsel alan/sağ hemisfer) performansında trimester-fetüs cinsiyeti etkileşimi gözlenmiştir F (2, 43) = 5.07, p = .01, n2 = .19. Erkek fetüse sahip olan kadınlarda SOGA/SAH koşulundaki performans birinci trimesterdan ikinci trimestere doğru artış göstermiş; kız fetusü olanlarda performans sabit kalmıştır. Genel olarak, üçüncü trimesterdeki katılımcılar, birinci trimesterdaki katılımcılardan daha fazla uyarıcı hatırlamıştır (p = .02). Sonuçlar: Hamilelik boyunca yüz ayırt etmede sağ hemisfer örüntüsü sabit kalmakla birlikte, performans trimester ve fetal cinsiyet tarafından etkilenmektedir. Yüz tanıma belleği ilk trimesterdan üçüncü trimestere doğru artış göstermektedir. Bulgular hamilelikte artan hormon düzeylerinin bilişsel etkileri bağlamında tartışılmıştır.
Effects of Trimester and Fetal Sex on Face Recognition Memory and Hemispheric Asymmetry in Pregnancy
Background: Although hemispheric asymmetries (HA) in face perception during menstrual cycle have been studied, there is no study about HA in face perception during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to find out if face perception changes during pregnancy and to test the effects of trimester and fetal sex on HA and face recognition memory. Methods: In the first experiment, we investigated HA of pregnant women (n=31) in a face-discrimination task by using visual half-field technique and compared their performance with non-pregnant (n=34) women who were in menstruation phase. Additionally, face recognition memory was tested. In the second experiment, we tested the effects of trimester and fetus sex on face perception of pregnant women (n=49). Results: Pregnant and non-pregnant participants showed right hemispheric dominance (RHD) in face discrimination F(1, 63) = 8.17, p = .006, np2 = .11; however, pregnant women (n = 31, M = 6.16, SD = 1.43) recognized more facial stimuli than non-pregnant women (n = 34, M = 5.24, SD = 1.77) F(1, 63) = 22,78, p = .001, n2 = .27. A RHD was observed in all trimesters F(1, 43) = 9.81, p = .003, np2 = .19. However, we found a trimester-fetus sex interaction in LVF/RH (left visual field/right hemisphere) performance F (2, 43) = 5.07, p = .01, n2 = .19. The performance in LVF/RH condition improved from the first trimester to the second trimester in pregnant women who had male fetus (p = .02) while it remained steady in pregnant women who had female fetus. Subjects in the third trimester recognized more stimuli than the subjects in the first trimester (p = .02). Conclusions: Right hemispheric pattern for face-discrimination is stable while the performance is affected by the trimester and fetal sex in pregnancy. Face recognition memory seems to be increased from the first trimester to the third trimester. The findings were discussed in the context of the cognitive effects of increasing hormone levels during pregnancy

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