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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 54; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2017;54(3):277-281
Duygudurum Belirtileriyle Seyreden Dandy-Walker Malformasyonu
M Batmaz, ZE Balçık, Ü Özer, B H Yalçın, Ş Özen
Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul
Dandy-Walker malformasyonu genişlemiş posterior fossa, dördüncü ventrikülün kistik dilatasyonu ve serebellar vermis hipoplazisi ile tanımlanmaktadır. Dandy-Walker malformasyonu olgularında gelişim geriliği ve mental retardasyona sık rastlanmaktadır. Nadiren bu malformasyona eşlik eden diğer psikiyatrik tablolardan da söz edilmektedir. Yazında Dandy-Walker sendromu ve bipolar bozukluk birlikteliğine yer veren az sayıda olgu sunumu bulunmaktadır. Bu yazıda duygudurum belirtileri gözlenen bir Dandy-Walker malformasyonu olgusu sunularak, nadir rastlanan bu malformasyonda görülebilecek psikiyatrik belirtiler ile tanı, tedavi ve izlem süreci tartışılacaktır. Koruma-tedavi amacıyla yatırılan 27 yaşındaki erkek hasta çocukluk döneminde Dandy-Walker malformasyonu tanısı almıştı. İlk yakınmaları dikkat eksikliği, davranış sorunları, öğrenme güçlükleri olan hastanın izleminde manik ve depresif dönemler tariflendi. Son dönemde uyku ihtiyacında azalma, sinirlilik ve düşünce akışında hızlanma şikayetleri olan hastanın psikiyatrik muayenesi manik dönem ile uyumluydu. Kranial BT incelemesinde bilateral ventrikülomegali, genişlemiş üçüncü ve dördüncü ventrikül ile beraber posterior fossa kisti ve serebellar hipoplazi saptanan hastanın tedavisi Aripiprazol 30 mg/gün, Valproik asit 1000 mg/gün, Ketiyapin 200 mg/ gün, Biperiden 4 mg/gün ve Paliperidon Palmitat 100 mg/ay ile yürü- tüldü. Serebellumun geleneksel olarak bilinen koordinasyon ve motor işlevlerin düzenleyicisi rolünün yanı sıra, giderek duygudurum düzenlenmesindeki rolü üzerinde durulmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Dandy-Walker malformasyonunda görüldüğü gibi, serebellum anomalilerinin duygudurum bozukluklarının patofizyolojisinde yer alabileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Duygudurum bozukluklukları ile serebellum arasındaki ilişkinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için bu alanda kapsamlı çalışmalara gereksinim olduğu açıktır. Ayrıca bu olgularda ortaya çıkan psikiyatrik tablolarda tedaviye direnç ve potansiyel yan etkiler açısından tedavi seçeneklerinin dikkatlice gözden geçirilmesi ve erken yaşta ortaya çıkan, atipik belirtilerle seyreden, tedaviye iyi yanıt vermeyen, psikomotor gelişim geriliği ve mental retardasyona ek olarak nörolojik belirti ve bulguların da gözlendiği bipolar bozukluk olgularında ayırıcı tanı için kranial görüntülemeyi de içeren detaylı incelemelerin yapılması yarar sağlayacaktır.
Dandy-Walker Malformation Presenting with Affective Symptoms
Dandy-Walker malformation is defined by enlarged posterior fossa, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Although developmental delay and mental retardation are common in Dandy-Walker malformation cases, other comorbid psychiatric conditions have been rarely reported. There are limited numbers of case reports about comorbidity of bipolar disorder with DandyWalker malformation in the literature. Herein, a Dandy-Walker malformation case presenting affective symptoms is reported, and psychiatric symptoms which might be seen in this rare malformation are discussed along with diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up processes. A 27-year-old male patient, hospitalized for compulsory treatment, had been diagnosed with Dandy-Walker malformation in childhood. First complaints were attention deficiency, behavioral problems, learning difficulties; and manic and depressive episodes have occurred during follow-ups. He recently complained of decreased need for sleep, irritability, and increased speed of thought, and psychiatric examination was consistent with manic episode. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral ventriculomegaly, enlarged third and fourth ventricles with posterior fossa cyst, and cerebellar hypoplasia. His treatment included 30 mg/day aripiprazole, 1000 mg/day valproic acid, 200 mg/day quetiapine, 4 mg/day biperiden, and 100 mg/month paliperidone palmitate. Beside its traditional role in the regulation of coordination and motor functions, cerebellum is increasingly emphasized for its involvement in the mood regulation. Thus, as seen in Dandy-Walker malformation, cerebellar anomalies are suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between mood disorders and cerebellum. Moreover, treatment options should be considered carefully in terms of resistance to treatment and potential side effects, for psychiatric disorders occurring in these cases; and detailed examinations, including cranial imaging, would be beneficial in bipolar cases with early onset, unresponsiveness to treatment, presenting atypical symptoms, mental retardation, and developmental delay as well as neurological symptoms and signs.

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