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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 54; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2016;54(3):2-9
İşitsel Sözel Öğrenme Testi Performansına Demografik Değişkenlerin Etkisi
H Korkman, E Doğutepe, S Karakaş
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Bu araştırmada İşitsel Sözel Öğrenme Testi (Auditory Verbal Learning Test) Türk Formu’nun psikometrik açıdan durumunun ortaya konması hedeflenmiştir. AVLT’nin normalizasyonu doğrultusunda yapılan araştırmanın ilk amacı; yaş ile eğitim ve cinsiyet demografik değişkenlerin AVLT’nin öğrenme, hatırlama (serbest, tanıyarak) ve bozucu etkiyle ilgili puanlarına etkisini incelemektir. Bir diğer amaç, AVLT Türk Formu’nun geçerlik çalışmalarına katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak çalışmamızda, AVLT performansıyla akıcı zekanın ve ayrıca yaş ile bozucu etkilerin ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Örneklem, 20-25 yaş aralığında 24 erken yetişkin ve 60-70 yaş aralığında 24 ileri yetişkin/ erken yaşlı katılımcı olmak üzere toplam 48 gönüllü üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Her yaş grubu için, eğitimin ve cinsiyetin düzeylerindeki (sırasıyla 5-8 yıl, 9-11 yıl, 12 yıl ve üstü; erkek, kadın) katılımcı sayıları eşit tutulmuştur. Veriler İşitsel Sözel Öğrenme Testi (AVLT) ve Raven Standart Progresif Matrisler Testi (RSPM) ile kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: Çok yönlü varyans ve kovaryans (ortak değişken: akıcı zeka) analizleri, AVLT’de ölçülen performansın sadece yaştan etkilendiğini ortaya koymuş; eğitim ve cinsiyetin AVLT puanlarını etkilemediği gözlenmiştir. Yaşın geriye bozucu etkiyle ilişkili, ileriye bozucu etkiyle ilişkisiz olduğu bulunmuştur. AVLT puanları ile RSPM toplam puanı arasında düşük-orta düzeyde anlamlı korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Geriye bozucu etki puanı ile her iki tür hatırlamanın puanları arasında da düşük-orta düzeyde anlamlı korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Tartışma: Çalışmamızda demografik değişkenlerin AVLT puanları üzerindeki etkisi ilgili alanyazınla uyumlu olmuş, bu bulgular AVLT’nin Türk örneklemlerindeki geçerliğine işaret etmiştir. Alanyazında AVLT performansı ile bozucu etki türlerinin ilişkileri konusunda farklı bulgular olmakla beraber, her iki bozucu etki, çalışma belleğine indirgenmekte; ilgili beyin alanları da büyük ölçüde örtüşmektedir. Çalışmamızın bulguları AVLT puanları ile sadece geriye bozucu etkinin ilişkili olduğunu bulmuş, yaş etkisi de sadece bu bozucu için elde edilmiştir. Konunun, çalışmamızdaki gibi kontrollü ancak daha büyük örneklemlerde incelenmesi gerekmektedir.
Effects of Demographic Variables on the Auditory Verbal Learning Test Performance
Objective: The present study aimed to demonstrate the psychometric robustness of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) on Turkish samples. In the context of the test’s normalization, the study first aimed to show the effect of the demographic variables (age, education and sex) on learning, recall (free recall, recognition) and interference scores of AVLT. The second aim was to contribute to the validity studies on AVLT. In this respect, the relations between AVLT performance and fluid intelligence and the relations between age and interference scores were studied. Method: Sample consisted of a total of 48 healthy adult volunteers. There were 24 young adult (20- 25 years of age) and 24 elderly (60-70 years of age) participants in the sample. In each age group, participants were evenly distributed to levels of education and sex (5-8 years, 9-11 years, 12 years and above; male, female, respectively). Measurement tools were AVLT and Raven Standart Progresive Matrices (RSPM). Results: According to analysis of variance and analysis of covariance (common variable: fluid intelligence), AVLT scores were significantly affected by age. The effect of education and sex were not significant. Age had a significant effect on only retroactive interference. There were significant correlations (low to medium) between all AVLT scores and the RSPM score; and between all AVLT scores and retroactive interference score. Discussion: The findings on the effect of demographic variables on AVLT performance were consistent with the literature; this points to the validity of AVLT on Turkish samples. Literature findings about the effect of age on interference scores are inconsistent; however, both types of interferences are explained as deficits of working memory and both types are represented in overlapping brain areas. In the present study, AVLT performance was related to only retroactive interference score and age affect was obtained for only retroactive interference. The effect of age on interference should be investigated in controlled studies that use appropriately larger samples.

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