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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 54; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2017;54(2):116-124
Multipl Sklerozda İmmunmodulatuvar Tedavilerin Klinik, Radyolojik ve Elektrofizyolojik Olarak Karşılaştırılması
G Genç, Ş Demirkaya, S Bek, Z Odabaşı
Gümüşsuyu Asker Hastanesi, İstanbul
Amaç: İmmunmodulatuvar tedavilerin (İMT) multipl sklerozda (MS) atak oranını azaltarak ve özürlülüğün ilerlemesini göreceli olarak geciktirerek hastalığın seyrini değiştirebileceği gösterilmekle birlikte; klinik, radyolojik ve elektrofizyolojik değişiklikler açısından başabaş karşılaştıran bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmamızda interferon-beta (IFN-B) 1b, IFN-B-1a subkutan (sc), IFN-B-1a intramuskuler (im) ve glatiramer asetat (GA) tedavilerinin klinik, elektrofizyolojik ve radyolojik bulgular üzerine etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: İMT başlangıcından sonra en az 2 yıl takibi olan, tedavi öncesi ve sonrası klinik, elektrofizyolojik ve radyolojik bulguları dosyalarında mevcut olan 85 MS hastası retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. İMT’lerin bu bulgular üzerine etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Yıllık atak oranı IFN-B-1a sc’de 0,1; IFN-B-1b’de 0,2; GA’da 0,3, IFN-B-1a im’de 0,5 olarak gözlenmiştir (p=0,01). Tedavinin 1. yılında ataksız hasta oranı IFN-B-1b’de %86,4, IFN-B-1a sc’de %82,9, IFN-B- 1a im ve GA’da %54,5; ikinci yılda ise IFN-B-1a sc’de %78, IFN-B-1b’de %72,7, GA’da %54,5 ve IFN-B-1a im’de %27,3 olarak tespit edilmistir (p<0.05). Özürlülük skorları 2. yılda IFN-B-1a im’de artış göstermiş, IFN-B-1a sc’de tedavi öncesine göre azalma devam etmiş olmakla birlikte ilk yıla göre 0,1 puanlık artış gözlenmiştir. IFN-B-1b ve GA’da bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. İki yıllık tedavi süresinde manyetik rezonans (MR) T2 lezyon sayılarında anlamlı bir artış tespit edilmemiştir. Tedavi öncesine göre tedavinin 1. ve 2. yılında tüm ilaç gruplarında uyarılmış yanıtlarda bozukluk açısından farklılık bulunmamıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları yüksek doz ve sık uygulamanın atak sıklı- ğını azaltmada daha etkili olduğunu ortaya koymakla birlikte, radyolojik ve elektrofizyolojik etkinlikleri arasında belirgin bir fark bulunmamaktadır. İmmunmodulatuvar tedavilerin MS’teki etkinliğini karşılaştıran ek prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Clinical, Radiological and Electrophysiological Comparison of Immunomodulatory Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis
Introduction: Although it has been shown that immunomodulatory therapies (IMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) can modify the course of the disease by reducing the relapse rate and delaying the progression of disability, no study comparing IMTs head-to-head in terms of clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological changes is available. We aimed to investigate the effects of interferon-beta (IFN-B) 1b, IFN-B-1a subcutaneous (sc), IFN-B-1a intramuscular (im), and glatiramer acetate (GA) therapies on clinical, electrophysiological, and radiological findings. Methods: We studied a cohort of 85 MS patients who were followed up for at least 2 years and had complete charting, including pre-treatment and post-treatment clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological findings. We compared the IMTs’ effects on these findings retrospectively. Results: Annual relapse rates were 0.1 for IFN-B-1a sc, 0.2 for IFN-B- 1b, 0.3 for GA, and 0.5 for IFN-B-1 a im (p=0.01). The percentages of relapse-free patients after one year were 54.5% for IFN-B-1a im and GA, 82.9% for IFN-B-1a sc, and 86.4% for IFN-B-1b, and after two years the percentages were 27.3% for IFN-B-1a im, 54.5% for GA, 72.7% for IFNB-1b, and 78% for IFN-B-1a sc (p<0.05). Disability scores after 2 years increased for IFN-B-1a im, decreased for IFN-B-1a sc (with a 0.1-point increase compared to the first year), and did not change for IFN-B-1b or GA compared to before treatment. Within the 2-year treatment period, no significant increase in the number of magnetic resonance T2 lesions was observed. No significant differences were found for any of the therapies in terms of evoked potentials. Conclusion: Our results revealed that high dose and more frequent regimens were more effective in terms of reducing the relapse rate, whereas there were no differences in terms of efficacy on radiological and electrophysiological findings between groups. Additional prospective studies comparing the efficacy of IMTs on MS are needed.

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