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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 54; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2017;54(2):108-115
Lityum Kullanan Bipolar Bozukluk Tanılı Hastalardaki Tiroid İşlev ve Ultrasonografi Anormallikleri: Sağlıklı Kontrollerle Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
ÖK Tunçel, F Akdeniz, SS Özbek, G Kavukçu, GÜ Kocabaş
İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi, İzmir
Amaç: Lityum, tiroid fizyolojisi üzerine pek çok etkiye sahiptir. Lityumun bu yan etkisi uzun zamandır biliniyor olmasına karşın lityum kullanan hastalarda, tiroidin ultrasonografi eşliğinde araştırıldığı geniş örneklemli çalışmalar bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma lityum kullanan hastalarda, sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırmalı olarak, ayrıntılı tiroid yapısını, hormon düzeylerini ve tiroid antikorlarını araştırmayı hedeflemiştir. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya lityum kullanan bipolar bozukluk tanılı 84 hasta ile yaş ve cinsiyet açısından benzer, daha önce hiç lityuma maruziyeti olmamış 65 kontrol dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya 18-65 yaş arası katılımcılar alınmıştır. Serbest tiroksin (sT4), tiroid stimule edici hormon (TSH) ve tiroid antikorları için kan örnekleri alınmış; tiroid ultrasonografik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Lityum kullanan hastalar ile kontrol grubu arasında sigara kullanımı, çalışma öncesinde bilinen tiroid hastalığı varlığı, tiroid preparatı kullanımı, ailede tiroid hastalığı varlığı, sT4 düzeyi, otoimmünite, tiroidte nodül varlığı ve Hashimoto tiroiditi açısından farklılık saptanmamıştır. Medyan TSH düzeyi ve medyan tiroid hacmi, lityum grubunda istatistiksel anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptanmıştır. Lityum grubunda 14 (%16,7) hipotiroidi, yedi (%8,3) subklinik hipotiroidi, bir (%1,2) subklinik hipertiroidi; kontrol grubunda ise yedi (%10,8) hipotiroidi ve iki subklinik hipertiroidi (%3,1) saptanmıştır. Tiroid işlev bozukluğu, guatr, parankimal anormallik, ultrasonografik patoloji ve tiroid hastalığı lityum grubunda daha yüksek prevalansta saptanmıştır. Guatr saptanan hastaların %90’ı, ultrasonografik patoloji saptananların %74,3’ü ötiroid idi. Sonuç: Guatrı olan hastalarımızın %90’ının ötiroid olması önemlidir. Bu, lityum kullanan hastalarda sadece kan testlerinin izlem açısından yeterli olmadığının bir göstergesidir. Guatr için %47,6 ve ultrasonografik patoloji için ise %83,3’lük prevalans değerlerinin saptanması lityum kullanan hastalarda ultrasonografik takibin yararlı olabileceğini göstermektedir. Ancak; ultrasonografik takibin rutinde uygulanmasının gerekli olup olmadığını saptamak için geniş örneklemli, prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Thyroid Function and Ultrasonography Abnormalities in Lithium-Treated Bipolar Patients: A Cross-sectional Study with Healthy Controls
Introduction: Lithium has many effects on thyroid physiology. Although these side effects have been known for a long time, large sample studies of lithium-treated patients using ultrasonography are lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the detailed thyroid morphologies, hormone levels, and antibodies of lithium-treated patients compared with healthy controls. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 84 lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder and 65 gender and age similar controls who had never been exposed to lithium. Subjects between 18 and 65 years of age were eligible for the study. Venous blood samples were acquired to determine the levels of free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid antibodies; also, ultrasonographic examinations of the patients’ thyroid glands were performed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in smoking habits, known thyroid disease, thyroid medication use, familial thyroid disease, fT4 level, autoimmunity, thyroid nodule presence, or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis between the lithium and control groups. The median TSH level and thyroid volume were significantly higher in the lithium group. In the lithium group, 14 cases (16.7%) of hypothyroidism, seven cases (8.3%) of subclinical hypothyroidism, and one case (1.2%) of subclinical hyperthyroidism were defined; in the control group, seven cases (10.8%) of hypothyroidism and two cases (3.1%) of subclinical hyperthyroidism were defined. Thyroid dysfunction, goiter, parenchymal abnormality, ultrasonographically defined thyroid abnormality, and thyroid disorder were found to be more prevalent in the lithium group. 90% of patients with goiter and 74.3% of patients with ultrasonographic pathologies were euthyroid. Conclusion: It is important to note that 90% of the patients with goiter were euthyroid. This indicates that monitoring by blood test alone is insufficient. The prevalence rates of 47.6% for goiter and 83.3% for ultrasonographic pathology demonstrate that ultasonographic follow-up may be useful in lithium-treated patients. To determine whether routine ultrasonographic examination is necessary, large sample prospective studies are necessary due to the limitations of this study.

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