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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2017;10(2):128-137
Madde Kullanım Bozukluklarında Transkraniyal Manyetik Uyarım Tedavisi
CO Noyan, N Dilbaz
Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları çok yaygın ve kronik tekrarlayıcı hastalıklardır. Tekrarlayıcı bie şekilde maddeye maruz kalınması bozulmuş kortikal eksitabilite ile birlikte mezo-kortiko-limbik yolakta dopamin salınım aktivitesinin bozulmasının eşlik ettiği nöral adaptasyonlara sebep olmaktadır. Psikoterapi ve ilaç tedavileri gibi yöntemlerin aşermeyi azaltma ve ayıklığı sürdürmedeki etkinlikleri kısıtlıdır. Tekrarlayıcı transkraniyal manyetik uyarım (tTMU) tedavileri tedaviye dirençli olgularda kullanılmaktadır. tTMU uygulamaları mezolimbik dopamin salınımını arttırarak ve kortikal eksitabiliteyi düzenleyerek etki etmektedir. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Korteks'e uygulanan tTMU tedavisinin aşermeyi, madde arama davranışı, madde kullanımı ve hastalığın depreşme olasılığını azalttığı düşünülmektedir. Bu makalede özellikle tütün, alkol ve psikostimülan kullanım bozukluklarının tedavisinde tTMU kullanımının etkinliği ile ilgili son makaleler incelenecektir.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment of Substance Use Disorders
Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders are common and chronically relapsing disorder. Repeated drug exposures induces neuronal adaptations associated with abnormal dopaminergic activity in the mesocorticolimbic circuitry with altered cortical excitability. Current treatments including pharmacological treatments and psychotherapies have limited efficacy in reducing craving and maintaining abstinence. Neuromodulation techniques such as repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is being used to treat treatment-refractory patients. rTMS can affect cortical excitability and induce enhanced dopamine release in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. rTMS stimulation of the DLPFC are suggested to reduce drug craving, drug-seeking, drug consumption and relapse. This review focus on recent studies about efficacy of rTMS in Substance Use Disorders, especially tobacco, alcohol, psychostimulant use disorders.

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