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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences; 2017;4(1):36-39
Bipolar Bozuklukta Hemisfer Dominansı
YH Burkovik, B Metin
Bipolar Bozukluk iki ayrı uçta diye açıklanan; coşkunun tepesinde ve mutsuzluğun dibinde yaşanan, son derecede riskli ve çok ciddi bir duygu durum hastalığıdır. Kişinin sosyal çevredeki itibarına olduğu gibi ve çevresine de zarar verici davranışları olabilir. Bipolar bozukluk kişinin yaşamı süresince aralıklarla kendini gösteren, her yaşta görülebilen bir rahatsızlık olmasına rağmen, sıklıkla 20 li yaşların başlarında başladığı en çok gözlenendir. Kadın erkek farkı net olarak saptanmamıştır. Sadece kalıtımla açıklanamaz. Nörotransmitterlerin dengesinin bozulması; açıkçası sinyallerin iletilmesindeki aksaklıktan da bu durum oluşabilir. Bipolar bozukluk bir beyin rahatsızlığı olup beynin işlevsel fonsiyonlarında bozulma görülür. Rasyonalize şekilde karar verme ve muhakeme etmede uygunsuzluklar görülebilir. Dolayısıyla kognitif içerikli dikkate yönelik bozulmalar da bipolaritenin gündemindedir. Bipolar bozukluğun nöral temeli henüz net olarak bilinmiyor ancak sağ fronto parietal korteksin özellikle etkilendiği ileri sürülmektedir. Bipolar bozuklukta sağ hemisfer disfonksiyonu kavramı yeni değildir, başlangıçta Flor-Henry (1969, 1979) tarafından sunulmuştur. Bu bağlamda bilimsel açıdan bipolarite ile sağın dominant olması sol el, sol göz, sol ayakta baskınlığa dair bir araştırma, çalışma olup olmadığı, bir ilişki olup olmadığı incelenmek istendi. İncelemenin başında sağ hemisfere göre sol sorulmadıhemisferin yaratıcılığa etkisi ile başlayarak; el tercihi ve el tercihini belirleyen etkenler araştırıldı ve yaratıcılık testi ile desteklenen çalışma bulunamadığı için el tercihlerine psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkla birlikte bakmaya karar verildi. Sonunda bipolarite ve sağ hemisfer baskınlığına ait araştırmalara bakmak için özellikle sol el tercihine dikkat edildi. Bipolarların beyninde organizasyonel açıdan fark varmıya bakıldı bunun için de dominant el araştırıldı. Pubmedden araştırarak 5 makalenin dâhil olma kriterine uyduğu fark edildi ve bu 5 çalışma alındı. Araştırmalarda sol göz baskınlığının olması da sağ hemisfer baskınlığını düşündürdüğünden, genel anlamda sağ hemisfer baskınlığının olduğu dikkati çekti. Diğer çalışmalarda da Bipolar bozukluğu olan hastalarda sağlak olup olmamanın biyolojik veya fonksiyonel hemisferik asimetri parametreleriyle ilişkili olup olmadığını değerlendirilmek için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç olmakla birlikte, sol el baskınlığının dikkati konusunun daha fazla araştırılması gerektiğini düşündürmektedir. Özellikle solaklığın el, ayak ve göz olarak baskın olduğu kişilere ait araştırmaların bipolarite gibi bazı ruhsal rahatsızlıklarda araştırılmasının birçok noktaya ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
Hemisphere Dominance in Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder is characterized with unusal shiftingof mood, frommania to depression and is an extremely risky and very serious mood disorder. The person’s behavior may damage both his/her social function and harm the people in his/her environment. Although bipolar disorder recurs during the person’s life and thus can manifest at any age, its onset is often observed during early twenties. The difference in prevalence between males and females has not been clearly determined. Although genetics play a role, the disorders cannot be explained by inheritance alone. The disorders has also been explained by disruptions of neurotransmitter balance, in plane words the disruption in the transmission of signals. Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder and impairs functioning of the brain. Rationalized decision making and improper reasoning can be seen. Therefore, attention impairments with cognitive content are also on the agenda of bipolarity. Neural basis of bipolar disorder is not clearly known but it is suggested that the right frontoparietal cortex is particularly affected. In bipolar disorder, the concept of right hemisphere dysfunction is not new, it has been originally presented by Flor-Henry (1969, 1979). In this review we aimed to review research exploring hand/foot dominance in the light of this hypothesis. We first aimed to, find studies that measured hand dominance in bipolar disorder to find out whether there were any organizational differences in the brain of people with bipolar disorder. From several articles accessed via Pubmed database Five articles in met the inclusion criteria and were thus included to the review. In general, right hemisphere dominance in bipolar disorder was evident in these studies. However it is also acknowledged that further studies are needed to evaluate whether hand lateralization is related to biological or functional hemispheric asymmetry parameters in patients with bipolar disorder,. It is thought that neuroimaging studies on bipolar disorder patients with dominant left hand, foot and eye will shed light on many points for elucidating the organizational alterations in mental disorders such as bipolarity.

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