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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 20; Sayı: Özel>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2017;20(Özel):62-77
Muhafazakarlık, Kaygı ve Tehdit Edici Uyarıcılara Karşı Dikkat Yanlılığı
M Peker, RW Booth, U Dikçe
MEF Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Muhafazakarlık, kaygı ve tehdide karşı hassasiyetin Türkiye örnekleminde incelenmesi için iki çalışma yapılmıştır. Çoğunlukla A.B.D.’de yapılmış çalışmalar, muhafazakarlığın tehditten korkmanın (özellikle ölüm korkusunun) yanısıra tehdit edici ve duygusal uyarıcı ve deneyimlerden kaçınma ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Birini çalışmamızda, kaygı ve muhafazakarlık arasındaki ilişki, katılımcıların kendilerini değerlendirmeleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. Bulgular, Türkiye’ye özgü ölçülen muhafazakarlığın tüm boyutlarının - geleneğe bağlılık, dış grup antipatisi, antihedonizm, otoriteryanizm ve dini duyarlılık - sürekli kaygı ile ilişkili olduğunu, dolayısıyla muhafazakarlık ile potansiyel tehdit ve tehlikelere karşı hassasiyet arasında genel ve içerikten bağımsız bir ilişki olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Kişinin kendini değerlendirdiği ölçümlerin potansiyel eksiklerini ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla, ikinci çalışmamızda; muhafazakarlık ve tehdide karşı hassasiyet arasındaki ilişki, tehdide karşı dikkat yanlılığını ölçmekte sıklıkla kullanılan görsel nokta izleme görevi (dot probe task) isimli davranışsal ölçümle tehdide karşı hassasiyeti ölçerek incelenmiştir. Bulgular, daha muhafazakar katılımcıların, daha az muhafazakar katılımcılara kıyasla tehdide karşı daha fazla hassasiyet gösterdiği yönündedir. Ancak şaşırtıcı bir şekilde, daha muhafazakar katılımcıların tehditten dikkat anlamında kaçınma davranışı gösterdikleri, yani dikkatlerinin tehdit uyarıcısına doğru değil, tehdit uyarıcısından uzağa doğru yanlılığı bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular kaygıdaki ‘genel dikkat – kaçınma’ (‘vigilance- avoidance’) alanyazını bağlamında ve gelişen muhafazakarlık, duygu ve sosyal psikofizyoloji alanyazınına katkıları açısından tartışılmıştır.
Conservatism, Anxiety and Attentional Avoidance of Threat
Two studies were conducted in order to investigate the relationships among conservatism, anxiety and sensitivity to threat in Turkish samples. Previous research, predominantly conducted in the U.S., has shown that conservatism is related to fear of threat (especially fear of death), as well as avoidance of threatening and emotional stimuli and experiences. Our first study investigated the relationship between anxiety and conservatism with self-report measures. The results suggested that all the dimensions of Turkey-specific conservatism we tested – commitment to tradition, outgroup antipathy, antihedonism, authoritarianism, and religious sensitivity – were related to trait anxiety, confirming that there is a general, fairly context-independent association between conservatism and sensitivity to potential threats and dangers. In order to eliminate the potential shortcoming of using self-report measures, our second study investigated the relationship between conservatism and sensitivity to threat by employing a behavioural measure to assess the latter, namely the dot probe task, a widely employed measure of attentional bias to threat. Results suggested that more conservative participants showed more sensitivity to threat stimuli than did less conservative participants. Surprisingly however, more conservative participants showed attentional avoidance of threat, i.e. their attention was biased away from threat stimuli rather than towards threat stimuli. The findings are discussed within the context of the literature on ‘vigilance-avoidance’ in anxiety, and in relation to the contribution towards the growing literature on conservatism, emotion, and social psychophysiology.

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