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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 20; Sayı: Özel>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2017;20(Özel):45-61
Alevilerin İç-grup Yanlılığında Kimlikle Özdeşleşme ve Toplumsal Belleğin Rolü
MF Bükün, BC Ulu
Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara
Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de yaşayan Alevi toplumunun sosyal kimlikleri ile iç-grup yanlılıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu ilişkide toplumsal belleğin aracı rolü de ayrıca araştırılmıştır. Toplumsal bellek, Alevi tarihinden seçilmiş belirli örnek olaylara yönelik bilişsel, duygusal ve değerlendirmeci boyutlar aracılığıyla ele alınmıştır. Buna yönelik olarak Alevilerin geçmişte yaşadığı olumlu (1925 yılında kapatılan Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Dergâhının 1964 yılında yeniden açılması) ve olumsuz (1993 yılındaki Madımak Olayı) birer olay seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemi Tunceli, Ankara ve Şanlıurfa gibi Türkiye’nin farklı şehirlerinde yaşayan 348 Alevi’den oluşmaktadır. Sonuçlar, toplumsal bellek bileşenlerinin Alevi kimliğiyle özdeşleşme ile iç-grup yanlılığı arasındaki aracı rolünün olumlu ve olumsuz olaya göre farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Madımak olayı çerçevesinde Alevilikle özdeşleşme ve iç-grup yanlılığı arasındaki ilişkide toplumsal belleğin bilişsel bileşeni aracılık etmekteyken; Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Dergâhının yeniden açılması söz konusu olduğunda duygusal bileşen ön plana çıkmaktadır. Yani, Madımak Olayı hakkında sık sık konuşan Aleviler, kendi gruplarını Sünnilere göre daha olumlu görmektedirler. Ayrıca, Alevi kimliği ile kuvvetle özdeşleşen kişiler, Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Dergâhının yeniden açılmasıyla ilgili olarak olumlu duygular ifade etmekte ve toplumsal belleğin duygusal boyutu aracılığıyla da dolaylı olarak kendi iç-gruplarını görece daha olumlu değerlendirmektedirler.
The Role of Collective Memory and Social Identity in Alevis’ In-group Bias
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between social identity and in-group bias in the Alevi community in Turkey. In doing this, the mediatory role of collective memory is also investigated. In examining collective memory, one positive event (the re-opening of Haji Bektash Veli Dervish Lodge in 1964 which was closed in 1925) and one negative event (Madimak Massacre in Sivas in 1993) that Alevis had lived through in the past were selected. The cognitive, affective, and evaluative aspects of collective memory regarding these two events were measured. The sample consists of 348 Alevis from around Turkey residing in Tunceli, Ankara, and Sanliurfa. The results indicated that different aspect of collective memory played different mediating roles between the strength of Alevi identification and in-group bias regarding the positive and negative events. The result is that while the cognitive component of collective memory of Madimak event played a mediator role between the strength of identification and in-group bias, it showed no such effects in the context of the re-opening of the Haji Bektash Veli dervish lodge. Besides, affective aspect of the collective memory of the re-opening of the Haji Bektash Veli dervish lodge played a mediator role between the strength of identification and in-group bias, but Madimak event did not show. That is, the participants who frequently talked about the Madimak event are likely to express positivity their in-group compared to Sunnis. In addition, participants who strongly identify with Alevi identity express more positive emotions regarding the re-opening of the dervish lodge and through this affective aspect of their collective memory, they tend to favor their in-group to a greater extent.

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