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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 20; Sayı: Özel>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2017;20(Özel):24-44
Kişisel ve Toplumsal Düzeylerde Eşitliğe Karşıtlık ve Değişime Direnmenin Muhafazakârlıkla İlişkisi
SA Sarıbay, IO Ökten, O Yılmaz
Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Batı literatüründe politik ideoloji, son zamanlarda “eşitliğe karşıtlık” ve “değişime direnme” olarak adlandırılan ve kültürden bağımsız olduğu varsayılan iki boyut yardımıyla kavramsallaştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bu iki boyutun Türkiye örneklemlerinde geçerli ve güvenilir bir politik ideoloji ölçeği oluşturmak için kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, toplumsal (politik) düzeyde eşitliğe karşıtlık ve değişime direnmenin kişisel (politik olmayan) düzeyde benzer tercihlerle örtüşüp örtüşmediği incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla bir ön çalışmada bu iki boyutu toplumsal ve kişisel düzeylerde ölçtüğü düşünülen maddelerden bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Birinci çalışmada Toplumsal Tutumlar Ölçeği (TTÖ) ve Kişisel Tutumlar Ölçeği’nde (KTÖ) yer alacak maddeler faktör analiziyle belirlenmiştir. İkinci ve 3. çalışmalarda TTÖ ve KTÖ’nün psikometrik özellikleri, birbirleri ile ilişkileri ve Adil Dünya İnancı ile ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Dördüncü çalışmada ise bu ölçeklerin kişilerin kendi politik ideoloji değerlendirmeleriyle (sol-sağ ekseninde) ve başka bir sosyal muhafazakârlık ölçeği ile ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar TTÖ ve KTÖ’nün Türkiye bağlamında geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğini desteklemiştir. Kişilerin kendi politik değerlendirmelerinin TTÖ’nün değişime direnme boyutuyla güçlü, eşitliğe karşıtlık boyutuyla ise zayıf bir ilişki göstermesi dikkat çekmiştir. Ayrıca TTÖ ve KTÖ’nün boyutları arasında (özellikle eşitliğe karşıtlık açısından) gözlenen ilişkiler politik ideolojiyi şekillendiren toplumsal tutumların kişisel özelliklerle de bir nebze örtüştüğünü göstermiştir. Bu dört çalışmayla, bu boyutların ileriki çalışmalarda daha kapsamlı ve temsili örneklemlerde incelenmesi için bir zemin hazırlanmıştır
The Relationship Between Conservatism and Opposition to Equality and Resistance to Change at the Personal and Societal Levels
In the Western literature, political ideology has recently been conceptualized with the help of two, presumably culture-free dimensions labeled “opposition to equality” and “resistance to change.” In the present research, we investigated whether these two dimensions can be used to construct a valid and reliable measure of political ideology in Turkish samples. In addition, we investigated whether these dimensions measured at the societal (political) level overlap with similar preferences at the personal (non-political) level. For these purposes, in a preliminary study, we prepared a pool of items that were presumed to measure these two dimensions at the societal and personal levels. In Study 1, we determined the items that would constitute the Societal Attitudes Scale (SAS) and the Personal Attitudes Scale (PAS) via factor analysis. In Study 2 and 3, we examined the psychometric properties of SAS and PAS, their interrelation, and their relations with the Belief in a Just World. In Study 4, we examined the relations of these scales with the political self-placement item (on the left-right continuum) and a separate measure of social conservatism. The results support the validity and reliability of SAS and PAS in the Turkish context. Interestingly, participants’ political self-placement scores were found to have a strong relation with SAS’s resistance to change dimension, whereas the relation with opposition to equality dimension was weak. In addition, the relations observed amongst the dimensions of SAS and PAS (especially in terms of opposition to equality) suggest that the societal attitudes that shape political ideology overlap to some extent with personal features. With these four studies, we lay the groundwork for future studies to examine these dimensions of political ideology in greater depth and using representative samples.

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