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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 54; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2017;54(1):21-27
Parkinson Hastalarında Erken Dönem Kognitif Tutulumun Görsel P300 Yanıtları ile Gösterilmesi
G Özmüş, D Yerlikaya, A Gökçeoğlu, DD Emek-Savaş, R Çakmur, BD Çolakoğlu, GG Yener
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir
Amaç: Parkinson Hastalığı (PH), Alzheimer Hastalığı’ndan sonra en sık görülen nörodejeneratif hastalıktır. PH’de motor semptomların, kognitif etkilenmelere oranla daha gözlemlenebilir olması, hastalığın erken evrelerinden itibaren etkilenebilen kognitif süreçlerin araştırılmasını geciktirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kognitif tutulumu olmayan PH olguları ve sağlıklı yaşlılarda olaya ilişkin potansiyeller (OİP) ve nöropsikolojik testler aracılığıyla PH’de değişen beyin dinamiklerini incelemektir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya kognitif tutulumu olmayan 18 PH olgusu ile cinsiyet, eğitim ve yaş açısından eşleştirilmiş 18 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edilmiştir. Tüm katılımcılara ayrıntılı nöropsikolojik testler uygulanmış ve elektroensefalografi (EEG) kayıtları alınmıştır. EEG kaydı uluslararası 10-20 sistemine göre, klasik görsel oddball paradigması kullanılarak yapılmıştır. 0,5-25 Hz frekans aralığındaki OİP yanıtları incelenmiştir. P300 genlik ve latans değerleri, F3 , Fz , F4 , C3 , Cz , C4 , P3 , Pz , P4 , O1 , Oz , O2 elektrot yerleşimlerinden ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca, P300 yanıtları ile nöropsikolojik test skorları arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Kognitif tutulumu olmayan PH olguları ile sağlıklı kontrollerin P300 genlik yanıtları arasında grup farkı bulunmuştur [F(1,31)=9,265; p=0,005]. PH olgularının, F3 , Fz , Cz , C4 , Pz ve P4 elektrot yerleşimlerinden alınan görsel P300 genlik değerleri sağlıklı kontrollerden düşüktür. Stroop testi ile P4 , ileri sayı menzil ile C3 ve Pz ve geri sayı menzili ile O1 genlik değerleri arasında orta düzeyde korelasyon saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışmadaki en önemli bulgu, nöropsikolojik testler ile kognisyonu normal olarak değerlendirilen PH olgularında elektrofizyolojik ölçümler ile kognitif değişikliklerin saptanmasıdır. Bu bulgu, nöropsikolojik testlere henüz yansımayan kognitif etkilenmelerin, elektrofizyolojik yöntemler ile daha erken evrelerde tespit edilebileceğini öne sürmektedir.
Demonstration of Early Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease with Visual P300 Responses
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive changes in PD are less observable than motor symptoms; thus, research on cognitive processes, which are known to be impaired from the early stages of PD, is minimal. The purpose of this study is to research the brain dynamics of cognitively normal PD patients and healthy elderly controls using event-related potentials (ERPs) and to evaluate their relationships with neuropsychological tests. Methods: Eighteen cognitively normal PD patients and 18 age, gender, and education-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Detailed neuropsychological tests were applied to all participants. Electroencephalography (EEG) was performed according to the international 10-20 system, and a classical visual oddball paradigm was used in the experiments. ERP responses in the 0.5 to 25 Hz frequency range were examined. P300 amplitude and latency values were measured from the F3 , Fz , F4 , C3 , Cz , C4 , P3 , Pz , P4 , O1 , Oz , and O2 electrode sites. In addition, the correlations between P300 responses and neuropsychological test scores were analyzed. Results: Significant differences were found between the P300 amplitudes of cognitively normal PD patients and healthy elderly controls [F(1,31)=9.265; p=0.005]. P300 amplitudes were significantly lower for PD patients at the F3 , FZ, Cz , C4 , Pz , and P4 electrode sites than for healthy elderly controls. Moderate correlations were found between Stroop test score and P4 amplitude, digit span forward and C3 and Pz amplitude, and digit span backward and O1 amplitude. Conclusion: The major finding of this study was the detection of cognitive changes by electrophysiological methods in PD patients who were indicated to be cognitively normal by neuropsychological tests. These finding suggests that cognitive changes in PD patients, which are not yet reflected in neuropsychological tests, may be detected by electrophysiological methods in earlier stages.

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