Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2016; Cilt: 17; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2016;17(4):152-163
Farklı Değişim Aşamalarına Göre, Sigara İçme Davranışı ve Psikolojik Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
F Bardak, İ Demir, C Dinar, D Doğan, M Alparslan, ÖY Alkar
Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, sigara içen kişilerin bulundukları değişim aşamasına göre (düşünme öncesi, düşünme, hazırlık, harekete geçme ve sürdürme aşaması) sigara içme davranışı ve ilgili psikolojik değişkenlere farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye’de bulunan ve halen sigara kullanmakta olan veya geçmişte sigara kullanmış olup ancak son bir yıl içerisinde bırakmış olan 197 kadın (%38.9), 307 erkek (%60.6) olmak üzere toplam 504 gönüllü katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada Fagerstrom Tolerans Ölçeği, Sigaranın Algılanan Olumlu ve Olumsuz Özellikleri Ölçeği, Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve Algılanan Stres Ölçeği kullanılarak veriler toplanmış, bağımsız t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarına göre bireylerin sigara bırakma teşebbüsü ve değişim aşamaları arasında anlamlı farklılık görülmüş olup hazırlık aşamasında olanlar düşünme ve düşünme öncesi aşamalarda olanlara göre daha çok sigarayı bırakma teşebbüsünde bulunmuştur. Farklı değişim aşamalarına göre, sigaranın algılanan olumlu ve olumsuz özellikleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür. Sonuçlar: Düşünme öncesi aşamada olanların düşünme ve hazırlık aşamalarında olanlara göre sigara içmeye yönelik olumlu algıları daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Farklı değişim aşamasında bulunan sigara içicilerinin sigarayı bırakmaya yönelik öz yeterlilik değişkeni yönünden anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuş olup harekete geçme ve hazırlık aşamasında olanların düşünme öncesi ve düşünme aşamasında olanlara göre öz yeterlilik düzeyleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın; güçlü yönleri, sınırlılıkları ve katkıları ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
Investigation of Relationship Between Smoking Behavior and Psychological Variables According to Different Stages of Change
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine whether smoking behavior and related psychological variables differ according to the stages of change (pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance) of the smokers. Method: The total of 504 voluntary individuals, who is still smokers or people who had been smokers but were given up within the last year, were participated in the study. Of the total, sample consisted of 197 women (38.9%), and 307 men (60.6%). Data were obtained with Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire, Decisional Balance Scale, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, The Multidimentional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results of the analysis indicated that there is a significant difference between individuals’ attempts to quit smoking and the stages of change; also people who are in preparation stage had far more attempt to quitting smoking with regard to pre-contemplation and contemplation stages. Conclusion: There are significant differences between the perceived pros and cons of smoking according to different stages of change as well; and pros of smoking increased from pre-contemplation to contemplation and preparation. There are statistically significant differences between smokers who were in different stages of change in terms of self-efficacy for quitting smoking and additionally people who were in action and preparation were fo¬und to have higher levels of self-efficacy than those in the precontemplation and contemplation stages. Ultimately this study’s strengths, limitations and implications were discussed in the framework of relevant literature.

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