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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2017;10(1):59-64
Major ve Minor Nörokognitif Bozukluklar: İlaç Dışı Tedaviler
EŞ Cankurtaran
Ankara Özel Güven Hastanesi, Ankara
Alzheimer Hastalığı gibi majör ve minör nörokognitif bozuklukların tedavisinde hem ilaç hem de ilaç dışı yaklaşımların birlikte kullanılmasıyla tedavi etkinliğinin artırılması amaçlanmaktadır. İlaç dışı yaklaşımlar özellikle orta- ileri evrede demansa bağlı davranış bozuklukları ve psikolojik belirtiler için giderek daha fazla kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bilişsel eğitim, fiziksel egzersiz, ergoterapi, aromaterapi, müzik terapisi, çoklu uyaran verme ve bakımverene psikososyal yaklaşımlar uygulanması gibi farklı ilaç dışı yaklaşımlar ajitasyon gibi davranış bozukluklarını ve bilişsel yıkımı azaltmada etkili olabileceğine dair ümit vaad eden çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak örneklem, değerlendirme yöntemleri ve sonlanım ölçütlerinde farklılıklar olması gibi yöntemsel kısıtlılıklar nedeniyle araştırmalardan kesin sonuçlar çıkarmak mümkün olmamaktadır. İlaç dışı yaklaşımlar hakkında farklı nörokognitif bozukluklarda etkinlik, uzun dönem etkinlik, maliyet analizi hakkında yeterli veri olmaması sebebiyle bu alanda yöntemsel kısıtlılıkları da ortadan kaldıracak şekilde yeni araştırmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.
Major and Minor Neurocognitive Disorders: Non-Pharmacological Therapies
For the treatment of neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease, a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions has been proposed to increase efficacy of treatment. Non-pharmacological therapies have become increasingly popular and have been proven to be effective in managing the behavioral symptoms (including agitation) that are common in the middle or later stages of dementia. Interventions such as cognitive stimulation/training, physical exercise, occupational therapy, aromatherapy, music therapy, multisensory stimulation, and psychosocial interventions for caregivers have shown promising results in decreasing agitation and cognitive impairment in older adults with dementia. Nonetheless, given variability in the samples, intervention methods, and outcomes measures, strong conclusions about the efficacy of these interventions are difficult to draw. Given the limited evidence currently available regarding the efficacy in different type of neurocognitive disorders, lon term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of nonpharmacological therapies, there is a strong need for further and more rigorous research.

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