Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:1999; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1999;10(1):3-12
Alkol Bağımlılığında Bilişsel İşlevler Ve Sosyal Yetiyitimi
S Mercan, B Uluğ, A Göğüş
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kronik alkol kullanımının bilişsel işlevler ve sosyal yetiyitimi üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır.

Yöntem: Bu araştırmada 41 alkol bağımlısı, ve hasta grubu ile yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitim durumu bakımından eşleştirilmiş 40 kontrol ile çalışılmıştır. Nöropsikolojik testler ve yetiyitimi ölçeği hastalara son alkol alımı üzerinden üç hafta geçtikten sonra uygulanmıştır. Hastalara ve kontrol grubuna Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi (WKET), Çizgilerin Yönünü Belirleme Testi (ÇYBT), Görsel İşitsel Sayı Dizileri Testi (GİSDT), Stroop Testi, Kısa Kognitif Muayene ve Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Yetiyitimi, Kısa Yetiyitimi Anketi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Hastalarla görüşmede belirtilerin ve belirti şiddetlerinin saptanması için yarı yapılandırılmış bir klinik görüşme çizelgesi olan Nöropsikiyatride Klinik Değerlendirme Çizelgesi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Kullanılan bilişsel işlev testlerinden GİSDT’nin işitsel kısmında hastalarla kontrol grubu arasında belirgin fark bulunmuştur. ÇYBT sonuçları da her iki grup arasında farklı bulunmuştur. WKET alt puanlarından bir kısmı anlamlı fark gösterirken bir kısmında fark bulunmamıştır. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gösteren alt puanlar şunlardır: Toplam cevap, toplam yanlış, toplam perseveratif cevap, perseveratif yanlış sayısı, perseveratif yanlış yüzdesi, perseveratif olmayan yanlış, tamamlanan kategori sayısı ve kavramsal tepki oluşturma. Stroop Testi sonuçları açısından iki grup arasında istatistiksel fark bulunmamıştır. Sosyal yetiyitimi puanları alkol bağımlılarında yüksek bulunmuştur ve hastaların %63.42’sinde ağır yetiyitimi olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sosyal yetiyitimi ve bilişsel işlev bozukluğu arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon bulunmamıştır.

Sonuç: Alkol bağımlılarında belirgin bilişsel işlev bozukluğu ve sosyal yetiyitimi saptanmıştır. Bilişsel işlev bozukluğu ile yetiyitimi arasında ise bir ilişki gösterilememiştir.


Cognitive Functions and Social Disability in Alcohol Dependency
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of chronic alcoholism on cognitive functions and social disability.

Method: Forty-one chronic alcoholic men and forty control subjects of comparable age and forty control subjects of comparable age and education level were evaluated. The patients received the neuropsychological tests and social disability scale after a 3 week period of abstinence. Each subject was given an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests assessing [language] skills, attention, memory and cognitive functions related to frontal regions of brain. Two groups were compared regarding the results of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Line Orientation Test (LOT), Visual Auditory Digit Span Test (VADST), Stroop Test, Mini Mental State Examination, and Hamilton Depression Scale. Social disability level was determined by the administration of the Short Form General Health Survey of Medical Outcome Study (SF-MOS). The symptoms and the symptom severity of alcohol dependent patients were evaluated by using the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), a semi-structured instrument for clinical interview and symptom rating.

Results: Alcoholic patients showed a significant impairment on auditory part of VADST. Similarly LOT results were significantly different between alcoholics and control group. The following WCST subscores were statistically different between the two groups: Total answer, total error, total perseverative responses, perseverative errors, percent of perseverative errors, nonperseverative errors, number of categories completed, and conceptual responses. Stroop Test results showed no statistical difference between the two groups. Social disability scores were significantly higher in alcoholic patients compared with the control group. 63.42% of the forty-one patients, had severe disability. Statistical analysis failed to show any significant correlation between the neuropsychological test results and disability scores.

Conclusion: Alcohol dependent patients displayed significant neurocognitive impairment and high levels of social disability compared with healthy controls. Social disability levels did not appear to be correlated with neurocognitive dysfunction.

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