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Yıl:1999; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1999;10(2):123-133
Tedaviye Dirençli Depresyonlarda Güçlendirme Tedavileri
AS Gönül
Duygudurum bozukluğu tanısı konmuş hastalara anti-depresan tedavi vermenin amacı eski sağlıklı durumlarına dönmelerini sağlamaktır. Ancak depresyon hastalarının sadece %60-70’i ilk seçilen ilaca cevap vermekte ve %20-30’u uygun tedaviye rağmen depresif durumlarını korumaktadırlar. Tedaviye dirençli depresyon hastaları için yeni alternatif tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi ilgi çeken ve üzerinde çok sayıda araştırılma yapılan konulardan biridir. Biz bu gözden geçirme yazısında bu konuyla ilgili son 28 yılda yayınlanmış olan literatürü inceleyerek tartışmaya çalıştık. Pindolol ve buspiron ile yapılan güçlendirme tedavileri hakkında çok az sayıda araştırma varken, bu konuda lityum ve tiroid hormonu ile yeterince araştırma yapılmıştır. Bir kısım hastanın güçlendirme tedavilerine çok kısa sürede cevap verdiği bildirilmiş olmasına rağmen herhangi bir tedavinin etkisiz olduğunu söylemek için en az 3 hafta beklenmelidir. Halen relapsları önlemeye yönelik kombine ilaç kullanımına ne kadar devam edilmesi gerektiği konusu aydınlatılamamıştır. Güçlendirme tedavileri sırasında, klinisyenler özellikle ilaç etkileşimleri konusunda uyanık olmalıdırlar. Başarılı bir güçlendirme tedavisi için ilaçların hem farmakodinamik hem farmakokinetik etkileşimlerini bilmek gerekmektedir. Her ne kadar cesaret verici sonuçlar bildirilmiş ise de tedaviye cevap vermeyen hastalarda güçlendirme tedavilerinin rolünün tanımlanması için yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.


Augmentation Strategies in Treatment Resistant Depression
The aim of antidepressant treatment for patients with mood disorders is to achieve or return to a state of wellness. But only 60% to 70% of depressed patients respond to the drug of first choice, and 20%-30% remain depressed despite adequate therapy. Development of effective alternative treatments for antidepressant non-responders has become an important clinical area of research. In this review the available literature for past 28 yeras was examined. Lithium and thyroid hormone addition to ongoing antidepressant treatment have been studied well and reported to be effective in the treatment of resistant patients. Although there is few clinical research on augmentation with pindolol and buspiron, it seems that they are safe, effective and easy to use as far as the results of the studies are concerned. Some patients respond quickly to augmentation therapies, but others need a long and combined treatment so it is advantageous to keep on therapy for at least 3 weeks. During augmentation therapy, clinicans should be on alert for drug-durg interaction especially if the combinations of antidepressant with both serotonergic and noradrenergic activity are chosen for treatment. When the augmentation therapies are compared to each other there is no clear evidence showing that one is superior to others or effective in a certain type of patient. The issues of preventing relapse in patients who respond to the treatment of refractory depression remain unexplored. Although encouraging results have been reported, further research should be done to define the role of augmentation therapies in the treatment of resistant patients.

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