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Yıl:1999; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1999;10(2):92-101
Gençlerde Kimlik Gelişimi Sürecini Değerlendirmekte Kullanılan iki Ölçeğin Psikometrik Özellikleri: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma
İF Dereboy, Ç Dereboy, L Sevinçok, H Kaynak
Amaç: Gençlerde kimlik gelişimi sürecindeki sorunları belirlemek amacıyla ülkemizde kullanılan iki ölçek bulunmaktadır. Kimlik Duygusu Değerlendirme Aracı (KDDA) ile Benlik Kimliği Objektif Ölçüm Skalası Genişletilmiş Formu (EOM-EIS). Bu çalışmada iki aracın kurultu ve ölçüt geçerlikleri yanısıra güvenirliklerinin karşılaştırmalı biçimde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Kendilerine uygulanan iki kimlik ölçeğinin yanısıra Rosenberg Özdeğer Duygusu Ölçeği (RSES) ve bir anket formunu yeterli biçimde dolduran 757 üniversite öğrencisi araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Deneklerin anket formu üzerinde kendilerini ruhsal yönden ne ölçüde sorunlu gördüklerine yönelik derecelendirmeleri, kimlik ölçeklerinin yordama geçerliklerinin araştırılmasında ölçüt işlevi görmüştür.

Bulgular: Kendi derecelendirmelerine göre, deneklerin %53.3’ü ruhsal bakımdan sorunsuz grubu, %39.5’i az sorunlu grubu ve %7.2’si de çok sorunlu grubu oluşturmuştur. KDDA skorları ile hem kendini ruhsal yönden sorunlu görme, hem de RSES ile ölçülen özdeğer duygusunda düşüklük arasında anlamlı bağıntı bulunmuştur. EOM-EIS alt-ölçekleri arasında olumsuz ruhsal yaşantılar ile en yakından bağlantı göstereni, kargaşalı statü değil kararsız statüdür. Ayrıca statü gruplarından her biri farklı ruhsal özellikler gösteren alt-gruplar içermektedir.

Sonuç: KDDA, ölçüt ve uyuşma geçerliği bulunan, ayrıca güvenirliği yüksek bir ölçek görünümü vermektedir. EOM-EIS kimlik statülerinden hangisinin olumsuzluğa işaret ettiği belirsizdir. Hem bu durum, hem de statü gruplarının türdeşlikten uzak bir görünüm sergilemesi, EOM-EIS’in kurultunun geçerliğinin kuşkulu olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu sonuçlara dayanarak, kimlik bocalaması içindeki gençleri belirlemek açısından KDDA’nın daha kullanışlı bir araç olduğu söylenebilir.


Psychometric Properties of Two Measures Assessing Identity Development Process in Adolescents-a Comparative Study
Objective: The two instruments currently available in Turkish to measure disturbances in the adolescent process of identity development are the Sense of Identity Assessment Form (SIAF) and the Extended Version of the Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS). The present study aims to examine in a comperative fashion the construct and criterion validity as well as reliability of the two self-report measures.

Method: The SIAF, EOM-EIS and the RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) were administered to 799 normal university students. In addition, each student was requested to rate on a 3 point Likert’s scale to what extent she suffers from psychological problems. Thus we obtained the students’ self-evaluations regarding their psychological health which would serve as the main criterion in assessing the validity of the identity measures. Of the returned forms, 757 appeared to be adequately responded and were included into statistical analyses.

Results: While 7.2% of the subjects reported to have serious psychological problems, 39.5% to have some psychological problems and 53.3% to have no problems at all. The three groups differed from each other in terms of SIAF scores with the former group receiving the highest mean score. Besides, the SIAF correlated significantly with the RSES indicating that increased SIAF scores were associated not only with the sense of being psychologically disturbed, but also with low self-esteem. Cronbach’s a coefficient of the SIAF was computed as .91, wheras a coefficients of the four EOM-EIS subscales ranged between .65 and .86, the lowest value belonging to the confusion subscale. Among the EOM-EIS identity statuses, the moratorium status rather than the confusion status showed the closest connection with negative self-experiences. In addition, subjects with negative self-experiences. In addition, subjects with divergent psychological characteristics could be assigned into identical status by means of EOM-EIS subscale scores, contributing to each identity status group to appear heterogeneous.

Conclusions: Convergence of the SIAF both with the criterion variable and with the RSES in a theoretically meaningful fashion supports the validity of the newly developed measure. In contrast, it remains uncertain whether the EOM-EIS status indicating the most negative trait in the identity development process is the confusion or the moratorium. This problem together with the apparent lack of homogenity of the status groups suggest that the construct validity of the EOM-EIS is doubtful. Therefore, the SIAF rather than the EOM-EIS is a psychometrically sound instrument to be used to identify identity confusion in adolescents.

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