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Yıl:1999; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1999;10(3):180-189
Alkol ve Madde Kullanım Bozukluklarında Farklı Sistemlere Göre Belirlenen Tanı ve Tanı Ölçütlerinin Güvenilirliği Ve Uyumu
B Uluğ, A Sağduyu, A Göğüs, C Kılıç, G Özgen, A Uluşahin, BG Rezaki, Ö Terbaş
Amaç: Bu çalışmada yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşme ölçeği kullanılarak (SCAN: Schedules of Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry/Nöropsikiyatride Klinik Değerlendirme Çizelgeleri) konan alkol ve madde kullanım bozukluğu tanılarının ve tanı ölçütlerinin test-tekrar test güvenilirlik düzeylerinin ölçülmesi, farklı tanı sistemlerine göre konan bağımlılık ve kötüye/zararlı kullanım tanılarının ne ölçüde uyuştuğunun araştırılması hedeflenmiştir.

Yöntem: Alkol/madde kullanım bozukluğu tanısıyla yatırılarak ya da ayaktan tedavi edilen hastalarla, alkol/madde kullanan ancak bir yakınması olmayan ve tedaviye başvurmayan toplam 150 kişi çalışmaya alınmış; bu kişilere, iki farklı görüşmeci tarafından, farklı günlerde SCAN görüşme çizelgesinin alkol/madde bölümleri uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: SCAN görüşme çizelgesi ile, alkol ve diğer maddelere ilişkin, şimdiki ve geçmiş dönemlere ait bağımlılık tanıları, orta-yüksek güvenilirlik düzeyi ile konabilmektedir. Bağımlılık tanısı, kötüye kullanım tanısına göre, zamana karşı ve görüşmeciler arası güvenilirliği daha yüksek olan bir tanı kategorisi olup, özellikle ICD-10’a göre zararlı kullanım tanılarında test-tekrar test güvenilirlik düzeyi düşük bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: SCAN görüşme ölçeğinin alkol ve madde kullanım bozukluklarıyla ilgili bölümlerinin, yarı yapılandırılmış da olsa, yüksek güvenilirlik düzeyi ile klinik ve tedavi araştırmalarında kullanılabileceği ortaya konmuştur. Bağımlılık tanısının, kötüye/zararlı kullanım tanısına göre, daha yüksek güvenilirliğe sahip olma nedeni, kötüye/zararlı kullanım tanı ölçütlerinde yer alan davranışsal ve sosyal normlarla ilişkili temalar olabilir. Kötüye kullanım tanısı alanlarda almayanlara göre sadece bir tanı ölçütünün daha yüksek oranda bulunması, kötüye kullanım kavramının günümüzde tanımlanmış şekliyle geçerli olmayabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Reliability and Agreement of Diagnoses and Diagnostic Criteria According to Different Systems for Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders
Objective: In this study, test-retest reliability of alcohol and drug use sections of a semistrictured interview (SCAN: Schedules of Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry) and level of agreement between different diagnostic systems were investigated.

Method: A multicenter study on reliability and validity of instruments for diagnosing alcohol and drug use disorders was planned by World Health Organization. Part of this study was performed in Turkey and the sample was composed of 150 subjects selected from patients treated in inpatient or outpatient psychiatry clinics for alcohol/drug use disorders and from persons who had been using alcohol/drug with no contact with those services. Alcohol and drug sections of SCAN were given to this study population by two independent psychiatrists on different days.

Results: The results indicate that alcohol and drug use disorder diagnoses, made by SCAN, for current state and past [year] have good levels of reliability. Reliability is higher for dependence diagnoses than for abuse/harmful use diagnoses. Particularly test-retest reliability level of harmful use diagnoses according to ICD-10 is low. Test-retest reliabilities of diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence and abuse/harmful use for past [year] are good. Prevalences for all alcohol dependence criteria for past [year] are higher in patients with a dependence diagnosis than those without it, except hazardous use criterion, which is more prevalent in abuse patients compared to the rest. The level of agreement among dependence diagnoses of ICD-10, DSM-III-R and DSM-IV is high, but it is low between harmful diagnosis of ICD-10 and abuse diagnoses of DSM-III-R and DSM-IV.

Conclusion: SCAN can be used with confidence to diagnose alcohol and drug dependence in subjects from a variety of settings. The reason for lower reliability of abuse/harmful use diagnoses may be due to behavioral and social normative aspects of criteria for these diagnostic categories.

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