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Yıl:1999; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1999;10(4):268-274
Menopoz Döneminde Anksiyete ve Depresyon
Ö Aydemir, E Yağcı, L Gülseren, S Kültür
Amaç: Menopoz döneminde bedensel ve ruhsal belirtiler görülür ve psikiyatrik belirtilerin ortaya çıkmasında bireyin ruhsal tepkisinin belirleyici olduğu düşünülmektedir. Cerrahi menopozda ise bedenin hazır olmadığı, ani bir değişiklik söz konusudur. Bu dönemde ortaya çıkan belirtiler için hormon yerine koyma sağaltımı seçilmektedir. Bu çalışmada doğal olarak ve cerrahi yoldan gelişen menopozun anksiyete ve depresyon yönünden değerlendirilmesi ve karşılaştırılması; ve menopoz döneminde hormon yerine koyma sağaltımının kısa dönemde anksiyete ve depresyon belirtileri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Çalışma bir eğitim hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğine başvuran 22 doğal ve 25 cerrahi menopoz tanısı konan gönüllü bireyle yürütülmüştür. Bireyleri değerlendirmede Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği (HAD) kullanılmıştır. Hormon yerine koyma sağaltımı için 30 birey 8 hafta süreyle izlenmiş ve bir grup östrojen ya da östrojen+progestin preparatı alırken diğer grup ilaç kullanmamıştır.

Bulgular: Hem doğal menopoz grubunun hem de cerrahi menopoz grubunun hem anksiyete hem de depresyon puanları kesme noktasının altındadır. İki grubun anksiyete ve depresyon puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Sağaltım izleminde ise, sağaltım gören grupta anksiyete herhangi bir değişiklik göstermezken, depresyon düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yükselme gözlenmiştir. Sağaltım görmeyen kontrol grubunda ne anksiyete ne de depresyon düzeyi yükselme göstermiştir.

Sonuç: Menopozun doğal ya da cerrahi yoldan ortaya çıkması ruhsal belirtiler üzerinde anlamlı farklılık yaratmamaktadır. Ayrıca, hormon yerine koyma sağaltımının kısa dönemde depresyon yönünden risk oluşturabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.

Anxiety and Depression in the Menopausal Period
Objective: Menopause period is characterized by both somatic and psychological symptoms and it is suggested that psychiatric symptoms are determined by the psychological reaction of the individual. Menopause due to surgery is a distinct entity because of its sudden occurrence. To relieve these symptoms, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the most selected method of treatment. In this study, it is aimed to assess and compare the natural menopause and the surgical menopause groups in terms of anxiety and depression.

Method: The study was carried out in the Gynaecology and Obstetrics outpatient department of a training hospital with 22 volunteers with natural menopause and 25 volunteers with surgical menopause. For assessment, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) is utilized. The HRT group received estrogen or estrogen+progestine, whereas the control group were followed-up without any intervention.

Results: Both the anxiety and the depression scores of the natural and surgical menopause groups were below the cut-off points. Also, there was not any statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety and depression. During the follow-up of the HRT group, while there was no statistically significant difference in terms of anxiety level, the depression level increased significantly. The control group did not show any difference in either anxiety or depression.

Conclusion: Natural and surgical menopause does not differ significantly in terms of psychiatric symptomatology. Moreover, it seems useful to keep in mind the risk of depression during the hormone replacement therapy in the short term.

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