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Yıl:2000; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2000;11(1):29-39
Panik ve agorafobi ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenilirliği
Ü Tural, H Fidaner, T Alkın, B Bandelow
Amaç: Panik ve Agorafobi Ölçeği gözlemci ve özbildirim formlarının Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliğini değerlendirmektir.

Yöntem: Araştırmaya DSM-III-R tanı ölçütleriyle 119 panik bozukluğu (agorafobili ve agorafobisiz), 15 majör depresyon, 15 genelleşmiş anksiyete bozukluğu tanılı toplam 149 hasta ve 45 sağlık birey alındı. SCID-P ve SCID-NP ile yapılandırılmış görüşme sonrasında tüm çalışma grubuna iki ölçek seti verildi. Gözlemci, Panik ve Agorafobi Ölçeği gözlemci formu, Klinik Global İzlenim Ölçeği ve Hamilton Anksiyete Değerlendirme Ölçeği’ni; hastalar, Panik ve Agorafobi Ölçeği hasta formu, Ruhsal Belirti Tarama Listesi-90-R fobi ve anksiyete alt ölçekleri, Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği ve Beck Depresyon Ölçekleri’ni doldurdular. Ölçümler 7-14 gün sonra tekrarlandı. Panik bozukluğu olan hastalar, görüşmeciler arası tutarlığı ölçmek amacıyla iki deneyimli klinisyence değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: İç tutarlık (Cronbach’s Alpha) gözlemci formu için .88, özbildirim formu için .86 bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin ana bileşenler, varimax rotasyon ve scree test ile dört faktörlü yapıda olduğu görüldü. Bunlar, 1. Fobik kaçınma ve yetiyitimi, 2. Panik atağı, 3. Beklenti anksiyetesi, 4. Bedensel hastalık inancıdır. ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) analiziyle özgüllük ve duyarlık eğrisi oluşturularak gözlemci formunun kesme noktası elde edildi. En iyi özgüllük ve duyarlığı 11/12 puanda verdiği görüldü. Değerlendiriciler arası tutarlık .88 idi (p<0.0001). Test-tekrar test güvenirliği gözlemci formu için .82 (p<0.001), özbildirim formu için .70 (p<0.001) bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Panik ve Agorafobi Ölçeği’nin gözlemci ve özbildirim formları erişkinlerdeki panik bozukluğunu ve buna ilişkin bulguların şiddetini ölçmede nesnel, geçerli ve güvenilirdir.


Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale
Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of a structured measure of the Turkish version of the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) observer and self-rating forms.

Method: One hundred-nineteen patients (86 women and 33 men) with DSM-III-R panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, 15 patients with major depression, 15 with generalised anxiety disorder and 45 healthy persons were assessed. All available materials were assembled for each of the 194 subjects. After structured diagnostic assessment with SCID-P and SCID-NP, each subject was given two sets of scales. Clinician-rated scales included the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale, clinician-rated version (P&A-O), the Clinical Global Impression Scale, (CGI) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA); patient-rated scales included the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale, patient-rated version (P&A-SR), Symptom Checklist Inventory, phobia and anxiety subscales (SCL-90, revised version), Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). All measures were repeated after 7-14 days. Patients with panic disorder were assessed by two experienced clinicians for assessing inter-rater reliability.

Results: Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) for the observer-rated version (P&A-O) and the self-rating (P&A-SR) scale were .88 and .86, respectively. After principal component analyze, varimax rotation and scree test, a four-factor solution was found: 1. Phobic avoidance and disability, 2. Panic attacks, 3. Anticipatory anxiety, 4. Assumption of organic disease. For the P&A-O scale a cut-off point was occurred via creating sensitivity and specifity curve by using receiver operation characteristics (ROC) analysis. A total score of twelve points had the best specificity and sensitivity. The inter-rater (two raters) correlation coefficient was .88 (p<0.0001). Test-retest reliability was 0.82 (p<0.001) for P&A-O and 0.70 (p<0.001) for P&A-SR.

Conclusion: Both versions of the P&A yield objective, reliable and valid subscales and total scores for panic disorder and related symptoms severity in adults.

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