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Yıl:2000; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2000;11(1):3-16
Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde depresyon
A Sağduyu, K Ögel, E Özmen, C Boratav
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde majör depresif bozukluğun görülme sıklığını, risk gruplarını, klinik görünümünü, sonuçlarını, tanınma ve tedavi edilme özelliklerini belirlemektir.

Yöntem: Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerindeki 10 ayrı ilde 98 pratisyen doktorun sağlık ocağında ardarda gördüğü 1997 hastaya, Uluslararası Bileşik Tanı Görüşmesi’nin Demografik Bilgiler, Depresif ve Distimik Bozukluklar Bölümleri, Genel Sağlık Değerlendirmesi Formu, Kısa Yetiyitimi Anketi, Hasta Değerlendirme Formu, Vaka Değerlendirme Formu, Bilgi-Tutum ve Davranış Değerlendirme Formu uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya alınan sağlık ocağı hastalarında DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre majör depresif nöbet oranı %23.2 bulunmuştur. Majör depresif nöbet tanı oranları kadınlarda, boşanmış ya da ayrı yaşayanlarda ve ilkokul mezunlarında daha yüksek bulunmuştur. En sık görülen depresyon belirtisi enerji azlığıdır. İlgi kaybı belirtisi ise depresyonlu olguların ancak %57.5’inde saptanmıştır. Ölümü çok sık düşünme ve değersizlik düşünceleri de yüksek frekansta bulunmuştur. İştah artışı belirtileri depresyon tanısı için ayırt ettirici bulunmamıştır. Majör depresif bozukluğu olna hastaların dörtte üçünün sadece bedensel yakınmalarla doktora geldiği görülmüştür. Kronik bedensel hastalığı olanlarda depresyon oranları artmakta olup, eşlik eden bir kronik hastalık olmasa da depresyonu olanlarda olmayanlara göre daha fazla oranda ve düzeyde yetiyitimi bulunmuştur. Sağlık ocağı doktorları majör depresif bozukluğu olan olguların ancak %15’inde ruhsal bozukluğu belirleyebilmiş ve depresyonu olanların da %55’ine psikotrop ilaç önermişlerdir.

Sonuç: Majör depresyon birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde sık görülmesine ve önemli ölçüde yetiyitimine yol açmasına karşın, yeterince tanınıp tedavi edilmememektedir. Mezuniyet sonrası eğitim programlarına gereksinim olup, bu programlar geliştirilirken risk gruplarının ve hastalığın klinik görünümünün birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde daha farklı olabileceği dikkate alınmalıdır
Depression in Primary Health Care
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of major depressive disorder seen in primary health care, such as frequency, risk factors, descriptive features, outcome, recognition and treatment.

Method: Parts of Composite International Diagnostic Interview which are sections on demographic variables and depressive and dysthymic disorders, General Health Assessment Form, Brief Disability Questionnaire, Patient Assessment Form were applied to 1997 consecutive patients seen by 98 primary care physicians in 10 cities.

Result: Frequency of major depressive episode in primary care patients was found 23.2%. Disorder was more common in females, patients divorced or seperated, patients with low educational level. The most prevalant depression symptom was fatigue. Loss of interest was seen in 57.5% patients with the diagnosis of major depression. Recurrent thoughts of death and feelings of worthlessness were also symptoms with high frequency. Increase in appetite, insomnia and decrease in sexual desire were more prevalant in female patients. Suicide attempt and weight gain were not discriminative symptoms for depression. Three forth of patients with major depression presented only somatic complaints to general practitioners. Depression ratio was found higher in patients with chronic medical disorders and also disability ratios and levels were higher in depressed patients even without a chronic disorder. General practitioners recognized a mental disorder in only 15% of patients with major depressive disorder and prescribed any psychotropic drug to 55% of this group.

Conclusion: Major depressive disorder was not recognised and treated sufficiently in primary health care services, although its ratio in primary health care patients and disability level caused by depression were high. There is a need for developing postgraduate education programs on depression in accordance of different risk groups and clinical features of depression seen in primary health care settings.

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