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Yıl:2000; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2000;11(2):154-161
Sosyal fobi ve kültür: Bir Taijin Kyofusho vakası
K Sayar, M Solmaz, K Yazıcı, B Acar
Kültürel etkenler psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkların yalnızca biçimlenmesinde değil oluşmasında da belirgin bir rol oynayabilmektedir. Japonya’da uzun süre önce tanımlanmış yaygın bir sosyal fobi türü olan taijin kyofusho (TKS), kişinin uygunsuz toplumsal davranış, beden kokusu, yüz ifadesi, mevcut bedensel kusur veya bakışlarıyla diğer insanları incittiği veya rahatsız ettiği korkusuyla kendisini gösteren bir bozukluktur. TKS benliğin toplumsal alandaki temsiliyle ilgili kültüre özgü endişelerin patolojik bir boyuta ulaşması olarak görülmektedir. TKS son yıllarda Japonya dışında diğer kültürlerde de bildirildiğinden, eskisi gibi kültüre özgü bir sendrom olarak görülmemektedir. Bu yazıda bakışlarıyla çevresindeki insanları rahatsız ettiği, bu yüzden görevini yerine getiremediğini ve insanlarla göz göze geldiğinde aşırı bir heyecana kapıldığını ifade eden bir TKS vakası ele alınmaktadır. Hasta çevresindeki insanları rahatsız etmemek için ciddi bir toplumsal kaçınma davranışı göstermektedir. Çocuk yetiştirme uygulamaları açısından Japonya’yı andıran ülkemizde sosyal anksiyetenin Batı’dan daha farklı görünümlerle ortaya çıkması şaşırtıcı olmamalıdır. Sınıflandırma sistemlerinde yer bulmayan bazı görünümler ‘atipik’ etiketiyle geçiştirilmez ve daha iyi tanımlanırsa, daha gerçekçi ve kültüre duyarlı tanı sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi mümkün olabilir.
Culture and Social Phobia: A Case of Taijin Kyofusho
Cultural factors operate not only in the pathoplasticity but also in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Taijin kyofusho (TKS) is a common form of social phobia which has long been recognized in Japan. It refers to a fear of interpersonal relations or fear of social situations. Fear of eye to eye confrontation, fear of blushing, fear of staring in an inappropriate way, fear of having unpleasant facial expressions, subjecting others to the sight of a physical deformity, irritating others by the shakiness of voice or fear of emitting an offensive body odor are the characteristics of this syndrome. TKS is regarded as the pathologic amplification of culture-specific concerns about the social presentation of self. TKS may not be culture-bound as was thought in the past because it has been reported from other parts of the world in recent [year]s. In this article we report a case of TKS who was complaining of disturbing the people around him by his gazes, of being unable to work and feeling extreme anxiety in eye contacts. This patient showed severe social avoidance in order not to offend the people around him. Child rearing practices are quite similar in Turkey and Japan, therefore some social phobic patients may present with TKS symptoms. The clinician should not ignore the different presentations of psychiatric disorders by labeling them as "atypical". If these differences are well documented they may pave the way for a better and culture sensitive classification system for psychiatric disorders.

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