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Yıl:2000; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2000;11(2):131-137
Erken başlangıçlı ve yetişkin tip şizofrenide nörolojik silik işaretler
H Güz, N Dilbaz, AR Güven
Amaç: Nörolojik silik işaretler şizofreni etiyolojisinde üzerinde durulan konulardan biridir. Bu durum şizofrenide beyin matürasyonundaki sorunların bir belirtisi olarak kabul edilir. Erken başlangıçlı şizofreni ve yetişkin tip şizofreni ise “şizofreni” adı altında sınıflandırılan tek bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı nörogelişimsel kuramın göstergelerinden biri olarak kabul edilen nörolojik silik işaretlerin, aynı hastalık olarak kabul edilen, erken başlangıçlı ve yetişkin tip şizofreni gruplarında ne oranda görüldüğünü ve klinik belirtiler ile olan ilişkisini araştırmaktır.

Yöntem: 30 erken başlangıçlı, 30 yetişkin başlangıçlı şizofren hasta çalışmaya alınmış, çalışma kriterlerini karşılayan hastalara, bilgi formu doldurulduktan sonra Silik Nörolojik Bulgular İçin Fiziksel ve Nörolojik Değerlendirme Ölçeği (PANESS), Kısa Psikiyatrik Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Pozitif Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Negatif Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Erken başlangıçlı şizofrenide en sık dezorganize, erişkin başlangıçlıda ise paranoid tip bulundu. Erken başlangıçlı şizofreni grubunda motor hareketler, hareket devamlılığı, tekrarlayıcı hareketler, sterognozi, grafestezi ve silik işaretler toplam puanı yetişkin tip şizofreni grubundan yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca pozitif ve negatif belirtilerden bazıları ile nörolojik silik işaretler arasında anlamlı ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Erken başlangıçlı şizofrenlerde nörolojik silik işaretlerin, yetişkin tip şizofreniye göre daha fazla oranda görülmesi, şizofrenide nörogelişimsel kuramın göstergelerinden biri olabilir.

Neurological Soft Signs in Early Onset and Adult Types of Schizophrenia
Objectives: Neurological soft signs have been a subject of interest in the aetiology of schizophrenia. This concept has generally been accepted as a sign of the problems of brain maturation in schizophrenic patients. Both early onset and adult types of schizophrenia are considered as the same entity under the term “schizophrenia”. The aim of this research is to determine the discriminating power of soft signs between the early onset and adult types of schizophrenia.

Method: 30 early onset and 30 adult type schizophrenic patients were included in this study. The patients were assessed by Physical and Neurological Examination for Soft Signs (PANESS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale of the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Scale of the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Patients who were alcohol and drug addicts and patients with prominent neurological disorders were excluded from the study.

Results: Disorganized type of schizophrenics were the most frequent in the early onset group. In the adult onset group paranoid type was most frequent. PANESS scores did not differ significantly between paranoid and disorganized types. Graphesthesia, repeated movement, continuous movement, motor movements and softs signs total scores were higher in early onset schizophrenic group compared to adult type schizophrenics. Some of the positive and negative symptom scores were significantly correlated with soft sign scores.

Conclusion: This study shows that neurological soft signs are more prevalent in early onset schizophrenia. This result supports the neurodevelopmental theory in the aetiology of schizophrenia.

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