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Yıl:2000; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2000;11(4):300-308
Bipolar bozukluk ve alkol madde kullanım bozuklukları ek tanı çalışmaları: Bir gözden geçirme
A Uluşahin, B Uluğ
Duygudurum bozuklukları özellikle bipolar bozukluklar alkol/madde bağımlılığıyla sıklıkla birlikte görülmektedir. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında bipolar duygulanım bozukluğu ve alkol/madde kullanım bozukluklarının birlikte bulunduğu durumların yaygınlığı; bu konuda yapılan çalışmaların yöntem sorunları; etiyolojik kuramlar; ektanının sendromların gidişine olan etkisi ve tedavi yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Literatür araştırması bilgisayar aracılığıyla Amerikan Ulusal Tıp Kütüphanesi (National Library of Medicine) Medline dosyası taranarak yapılmıştır. Anahtar sözcükler olarak “alkol kullanım bozukluğu”, “madde kullanım bozukluğu”, “duygudurum bozukluğu”, “bipolar bozukluk” ve “komorbidite (ektanı)” sözcükleri kullanılmıştır. Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar için başlıca psikiyatri dergileri incelenmiştir. Bipolar bozukluk ile alkol/madde kullanım bozukluğunun sık olarak birlikte görülüşünü açıklamaya çalışan çeşitli etiyolojik moddeler vardır. Genetik etiyolojiyi araştırmak üzere yapılan aile çalışmalarının bir kısmında gösterilen ortak ailesel yüklülük, özellikle son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda gösterilememiş ve ‘kosendromalite’ kavramı ortaya atılmıştır. Bipolar ve alkol/madde kullanım bozukluğunun bir arada olduğu durumlarda her iki bozukluğun gidişi de tek başına görüldüklerinden farklıdır. Bipolar bozukluğa alkol madde bağımlılığı eklendiği zaman bipolar bozukluğun gidişi olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Oysa bipolar bozukluk ya da alkol madde bağımlılığı diğerinin gidişi sırasında ortaya çıktıkları zaman, yani ikincil bozukluk olarak, tek başına oldukları durumlardan daha iyi gidiş özellikleri göstermektedirler. Gidiş çalışmalarında mutlaka hangi bozukluğun önce başladığının, yani bipolar bozukluğun mu, alkol/madde kullanım bozukluğunun mu birincil olduğunun netleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Ektanılı durumlar klinik açıdan tanı koyma ve tedavi uygulamaları bakımından önem taşımakta ve her iki hastalığın tedavisi için bazı özel yaklaşımları gerektirmektedir.
Comorbidity Studies of Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol/Substance Use Disorders: A Review
There is a high comorbidity rate between mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder and alcohol and substance use disorders. This review article explores the prevalence of comorbid cases of bipolar and addictive disorders, as well as the methodological problems encountered while examining this comorbidity. The article also reviews the etiological models, the impact of each disorder on the other’s course and outcome, and the treatment measures with regard to this specific comorbidity. The literature search was conducted through the Medline records of the National Library of Medicine by using the keywords ‘alcohol use disorder’, ‘substance use disorder’, ‘mood disorder’, ‘bipolar disorder’ and ‘comorbidity’, Journals of psychiatry in the Turkish [language] were hand-searched for inclusion of the results of local research. Several etiological models have been developed in light of family studies. The most recent family studies fail to show the common familial loading between the two disorders, and propose the concept of ‘cosyndromality’ instead of ‘comorbidity’. The definition of cosyndromality states that bipolar disorder and alcohol/substance use disorders co-occur very commonly, stemming from the same underlying disease process rather than being necessarily separate illnesses. The concept of self-medication as a cause of alcoholism is not supported by the literature. Methodological concerns mainly focus on determining the primary and secondary disorders as well as distinguishing between substance-induced and independent mood disorders. The clinical course of bipolar disorder is complicated by substance abuse. If bipolar disorder or alcohol/substance use disorder occurs as a secondary disorder during the course of the other, each of them display a better prognosis than their independent forms. Thus, comorbidiy between bipolar disorder and substance use disorders is a subject of critical clinical importance with regard to diagnostic issues and outcome prediction, as well as appropriate intervention and treatment approaches.

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