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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2002;13(2):125-135
Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE): Ergenler İçin Kullanımının Geçerlik, Güvenilirlik ve Faktör Yapısı
NH Şahin, AD Batıgün, S Uğurtaş
Ankara Ü. DTCF Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara.
Amaç: Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE), psikopatolojik değerlendirme yapmak amacıyla sıklıkla kullanılan bir ölçektir. Bu ölçeğin uyarlama çalışmaları, yaş ortalaması 21.02 olan bir örneklem üzerinde Şahin ve Durak (1994) tarafından yapılmıştır. Aşağıda sunulan çalışmadaki amaç ise, ergenliğin daha önceki dönemleri için aynı psikometrik özelliklerin geçerli olup olmadığını saptamaktır.

Yöntem: Sosyoekonomik düzeylerine göre seçkisiz olarak seçilmiş, Ankara’nın çeşitli semtlerinde okuyan 287 kız ve 272 erkek olmak üzere toplam 559 ergen örneklem grubunu oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada KSE’nin yanısıra, birlikte geçerlik kriteri olarak Sosyal Karşılaştırma Ölçeği (SKÖ), Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE), Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (SKE) ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Ölçeği (YMÖ) kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Uygulanan faktör analizi sonucunda 5 faktör elde edilmiş ve çok az sayıda maddenin Şahin ve Durak (1994)’ın belirttikleri boyutlar dışında yer aldıkları görülmüştür. Elde edilen bu alt ölçeklerin güvenilirlik katsayıları .70 (depresyon) ile .88 (somatizasyon) arasında değişmektedir. Alt ölçeklerin diğer ölçekler ile korelasyon katsayıları ise -.45 (p<.001) ile .71 (p<.001) arasında değişmektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca demografik değişkenlere ilişkin bulgular ile, alt ölçekler ve üç global indeksten alınan puanların ortalama ve standart sapmalarına da yer verilmiştir.

Sonuç: KSE’nin iç tutarlılık, ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik ve faktör yapısına ilişkin bulgular, ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Şahin ve Durak (1994)’ın belirttiği faktör yapısına göre yapılan analizlerden elde edilen değerler, yeni elde edilen faktör yapısına göre yapılan analiz değerlerine çok benzemektedir. Bu nedenle, uygulamalarda bir karışıklığa yol açmamak için ölçeğin halen kullanılmakta olan yapısı içinde kullanılabileceği görüşüne varılmıştır.
The Validity, Reliability and Factor Structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)
Purpose: The Brief Symptom Inventory is an instrument used in psychopathological evaluations. The standardization study of the instrument was carried out previously in a sample of university students (mean age= 21.02) by the authors (Sahin & Durak, 1994). The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether the psychometric characteristics obtained for that sample were also valid for adolescents.

Method: The sample consisted of a total of 559 adolescents (287 female and 272 male), randomly chosen from different socio-economic backgrounds, living in different neighbourhoods in Ankara. The other instruments used for validation were the Social Comparison Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Trait Anxiety Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale.

Results: The factor analyses revealed five factors whose item distribution matched very closely that of the previous study on university students. The alpha coefficients of the factor subscale ranged between. 70 (for depression) and .88 (for somatization). The correlation coefficients of the factor subscale with the other instruments ranged between -.45 (p<.001) and .71(p<.001). The current study also contains the results of the analyses in terms of the demographic variables and the three index scores that can be obtained from the inventory.

Discussion: The findings concerning the factorial structure and concurrent validity of the BSI with the criterion measures show that the instrument can be used with adolescents as well. The factorial structure obtained with the current adolescent sample is very similar to the one obtained with the university sample (Sahin&Durak, 1994). The researchers think that the same factor subscale can be used with adolescent samples as well.

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