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Yıl:2001; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2001;12(3):175-184
Marmara depremzedelerinde travma sonrası stres bozukluğuna eşlik eden başka bir ruhsal hastalık gelişiminin yordayıcıları
Ü Tural, HGA Tolun, I Karakaya, A Erol, M Yıldız, S Erdoğan
Kocaeli Ü. Tıp Fak., İzmit
Amaç: Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu’na (TSSB) eşlik eden ruhsal hastalık gelişmesi yetiyitimini arttırmakta ve tedavi ilkelerini değiştirebilmektedir. Bu nedenlerden dolayı önemi olan eşlik eden ruhsal hastalıkların, özellikle majör depresif bozukluğun, yordayıcılarını saptayabilmek bu çalışmanın amacıdır.

Yöntem: 1999 Marmara Depremi sonrasında Kocaeli merkezinde kurulan Mehmetçik Çadır kentinde Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Merkezinde yürütülen psikiyatri polikliniği sırasında başvuran hastalardan DSM-IV Eksen-I Bozuklukları İçin Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme (SCID-I) ile kronik TSSB tanısı alanlar üzerinde yürütülmüştür. TSSB şiddeti Klinisyen Tarafından Uygulanan Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Ölçeği (TSSB-Ö) ile değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: 76 kronik TSSB olan hasta üzerinde yürütülen bu çalışmada, değerlendirme anında hastaların %38.2’sinde eşlik eden başka bir psikiyatrik tanı olduğu görüldü. Eşlik eden hastalıkların %75,9’u majör depresif bozukluk idi. Deprem sırasında çok şiddetli ölüm korkusu yaşanması, kadın olma, ağır bedensel zarara uğrama, birinci derece yakın kaybının olması TSSB ile beraber herhangi bir eşlik eden ruhsal hastalık gelişiminin yordayıcıları olarak bulundu. Eşlik eden majör depresif bozukluk da ağır bedensel zarara uğrama, birinci derece yakın kaybı ve kadın cinsinden olma ile yordanabilirken deprem sırasında kişinin algıladığı ölüm korkusunun şiddeti ile yordanamamıştır. TSSB şiddeti ise deprem sırasında çok şiddetli ölüm korkusu hissedenlerde ve değerlendirme sırasında eşlik eden ruhsal hastalığı olanlarda fazla idi. Bölgede yerleşiklik süresi ile TSSB şiddeti anlamlı ters bağıntı gösteriyordu.

Sonuç: TSSB ile eş zamanlı gelişen majör depresif bozukluk tanısını ağır bedensel yaralanma, birinci derece yakın kaybı ve kadın olma yordamaktadır. Bu yordayıcılar uygun psikoterapötik ve farmakolojik tedavi seçeneklerini saptamada önemli olabilir. Birinci derece yakın kaybının yordayıcılar arasında yer alması Travmatik Yas tanısının önemi olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Deprem sırasında hissedilen korkunun çok şiddetli olduğu ve değerlendirme sırasında eşlik eden ruhsal hastalıkların olduğu grupta TSSB şiddeti daha yüksektir.
Predictors of Current Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Earthquake Survivors
Objective: The occurence of a comorbid condition in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can increase the level of disability and change the treatment principles. The aim of is study is to determine the predictors of current psychiatric disorders, particularly major depressive disorder and PTSD.

Methods: The subjects in this study were patients who were diagnosed with chronic PTSD according to DSM-IV and who sought treatment at the outpatient clinic in the Mehmetcik Tent City which was established in Kocaeli after the Marmara Earthquake, which took place in 1999. All diagnoses were made with SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Clinical Version). The severity of PTSD was measured with CAPS (Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale).

Results: %38.2 of all PTSD (N= 76) patients had one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders. Among the comorbid conditions, the most common psychiatric disorder was major depressive disorder (75.9%). Feeling extreme fear of death during the earthquake, being a woman, having suffered serious physical injury and the death of first degree relatives in the earthquake are the predictors of the concurrence of any psychiatric disorder and PTSD. Major depressive disorder and PTSD comorbidity is also predicted by gender, serious physical injury, and the death of first-degree relatives in the earthquake but not the severity of the self-perceived fear of death during an earthquake. PTSD severity is higher in those who feel extreme fear of death during the earthquake and who have a comorbid psychiatric disorder. A significant negative correlation was shown between the severity of PTSD and duration of residence in the earthquake region.

Conclusion: Serious physical injury, death of first degree relatives due to the earthquake and being a woman may predict comorbid major depressive disorder with PTSD. These predictors may be important for establishing appropirate psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment. Involvement of the death of first degree relatives as a predictor of the current major depressive disorder suggests that Traumatic Grief should be considered. PTSD severity is higher in the patients who have any comorbid psychiatric disorder and who feel extreme fear of death during the earthquake.

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