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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikoloji Özel Dergisi; 2016;1(2):50-58
Ergenlik Döneminde Obezite; Bilişsel Davranışçı Kuramlar ve Motivasyon Kuramları Açısından Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme
HÖS Berk, B Yücel, E Deveci
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Son yıllarda tüm dünyada yetişkinler kadar ergenlerde de sıklığı giderek artan obezite ciddi bir sağlık sorunudur. Ruhsal sağlık ve psikiyatrik bozukluklarla yakın bağlantısı olup obez ergenlerde depresyon, bozulmuş yeme davranışı, yeme bozuklukları ve dikkat eksikliği/ hiperaktivite bozukluğu ön plana çıkmaktadır. Yetişkinlikte obezite riskini artıran bu faktörler araştırmacıları ergenler için obeziteye yönelik etkin psikososyal müdahaleler geliştirmeye yöneltmiştir. Bu müdahaleler koruyucu-önleyici ve sağaltıcı olmak üzere iki temel başlıkta toplanabilir. Koruyucu müdahalelerde evre ve motivasyonel kuramlara dayalı uygulamaların, sağaltıcı müdahalelerde ise bilişsel davranışçı terapi-(BDT) yöntemlerinin hakimiyeti söz konusudur. Ancak psikiyatrik bozuklukların, evre modellerinin ve BDT uygulamalarının egzersiz ve/veya beslenme alışkanlıkları gibi davranış değişiklikleri üzerindeki etkilerinin bir arada ele alındığı çalışmalar son derece kısıtlıdır. Özellikle BDT temelli klinik müdahalelerde tedaviyi yarıda bırakma oranları da düşünüldüğünde, tedavilerde multidisipliner-motivasyonel-BDT programlarına ihtiyaç duyulduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Bu derlemede bu tür entegratif programların hazırlanmasına temel oluşturacak belli kriterler ve araştırma önerileri bulgular ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Obesity in Adolescence: A Comperative Review in Terms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Theories
Recent evidence indicates a worldwide increase in obesity frequency among adolescents. Obesity, a severe health problem is related with mental health and psychiatric disorders. Obese adolescents are prone to psychiatric problems like depression, disturbed eating behaviour and eating disorders and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. These factors, considered as risk for adult obesity, have directed researchers to the development of effective ?promotive-preventive? and/or ?therapeutic? interventions. Whereas stage based/motivational theory oriented practices are dominant within promotive interventions, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) based treatments are common among therapeutic attempts. However, studies investigating multiple effects of psychiatric disorders, stage models, and CBTs on behaviour change such as exercise and/or eating habits are scarce in number. Regarding degree of attrition rates in CBTs, a need emerges for multidisciplinary-motivational-CBT programs. In this brief review major criteria and research for developing such treatment modalities are discussed in line with evidence about obese adolescents.

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