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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2016;9(3):1-15
İntihar ve İntiharda Risk Etmenleri
B Öncü
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
İntihar davranışı tüm dünyada ölüm nedenleri arasında onbeşinci, 15-29 yaş grubu ölüm nedenleri arasında ikinci sıradadır. Birey, aile ve toplum üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ve tüm dünyada intihardan etkilenen insanların sayısı nedeniyle intihar bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. İntihar davranışı için risk etmenlerinin belirlenmesi risk altındaki grupların saptanması, değiştirilebilir ve tedavi edilebilir etmenlere müdahale edilmesini sağlayacak ve intiharın önlenmesine katkıda bulunacaktır. İntihar riskini belirleyen etmenler bireyselden sağlık sistemine kadar uzanan farklı düzeylerde değerlendirilmektedir. İntihar davranışı için belirlenmiş risk etmenleri arasında sosyodemografik özellikler, intihar düşünceleri ve intihar girişimi öyküsü, psikiyatrik hastalıklar, bireysel özellikler, genetik ve biyolojik etmenler, gen-çevre etkileşimi, ailesel etmenler, krizler, stresli yaşantılar, olumsuz yaşam koşulları, intihara maruz kalma, tıbbi hastalıklar, kronik ağrı ve intihar araçlarına ulaşmanın kolay olması sayılabilir. Risk etmenlerinin bulunmamasının yanısıra gebelik, küçük çocuğu olma, aileye karşı sorumluluk hissi, sevdiklerini üzme konusunda suçluluk duyma, intihara karşı olumsuz tutum ve değerlere sahip olma, içinde yaşadığı kültür ait olduğu din ya da manevi değerlerinin intihara karşı olumsuz olması koruyucu etmenlerdendir.
Suicide and Risk Factors for Suicide
Suicide is the 15th leading cause of death for all ages and second leading cause of death among 15-29-year-olds. Negative consequences of suicide on personal, familial and societal level and the high number of deaths caused by suicide makes it a public health problem. Therefore defining risk factors and risk groups will contribute to suicide prevention by making necessary interventions for changeable and treatable risk factors. Risk factors for suicide can be evaluated on multiple levels from individual factors to problems in healthcare systems. Risk factors for suicide are sociodemographical factors, suicidal thougths, suicide attempts, psychiatric disorders, individual factors, genetic and biological factors, gene-environment interaction, familial factors, life crisis, stressfull events, impoverished environment, exposure to suicide, medical conditions, chronic pain, and easy access to means. Absence of these factors along with pregnancy, having young children, feeling responsible for the family, feeling guily about disappointing their loved ones, holding negative attitudes and beliefs towards suicide, and negative appraisal of suicide in one's culture or religion are protective factors for suicide.

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