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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2016;6(4):324-334
Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, davranışsal bağımlılıklar ve erişkin yaşama yansımaları
E Dalbudak
Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) çocukluk çağında başlayan kronik nörögelişimsel bir psikiyatrik bozukluktur. DEHB, ülkemizde de yetişkin psikiyatrisi alanında son on yılda gittikçe daha fazla dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. DEHB’ye sıklıkla diğer psikiyatrik rahatsızlıklar eşlik eder. Erişkinlikte en sık eşlik eden psikiyatrik bozukluklar depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları, alkol/madde kullanım bozukluğu ve davranışsal bağımlılıklardır. Ayrıca, DEHB çoğunlukla bu gibi tanılara ek olarak görüldüğü için zaman zaman tanının atlanması ya da konmaması gibi sorunlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Sanıldığının aksine DEHB ile baş etmek yaşın ilerlemesi ile kolaylaşan bir durum değildir. Aşırı hareketlilik veya dürtüsellik gibi fizyolojik belirtiler yetişkinlik yıllarında azalsa da, ailenin ve toplumun bireyden beklentileri üniversite ve iş yaşamıyla birlikte aynı oranda artar. Dolayısı ile yaş ile birlikte baş edilmesi gereken sorunların sayısı, kişinin kendisinden ve çevrenin kişiden beklentisi de artmaktadır. Çocukluk çağında başlayan DEHB sıklıkla erişkinlikte de devam eder, kişinin okul ve iş yaşamında sorunlara yol açar. Bu nedenle DEHB’nin erken tanısı ve tedavisi önemlidir. Erken tanı ve tedavi ileride ortaya çıkabilecek eş tanılı psikiyatrik durumları önleyebilir. Son yıllarda DEHB ile birlikte davranışsal bağımlılıkların görüldüğü ile ilgili araştırmalar artmaktadır. Dolayısı ile klinisyenlerin DEHB tanısı alan ya da davranışsal bağımlılık tanısı alan vakaları eş tanı açısından sorgulaması, tanıması ve uygun bir şekilde tedavi etmesi gerekir. Bu yazının amacı DEHB’ye, DEHB ile birlikte sıklıkla görülebilen davranışsal bağımlılıklara ve bu birlikteliğin erişkin yaşamdaki olası sonuçlarına dikkat çekmektir.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioral addictions and their reflections in adulthood life stage
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder that occurs in childhood. ADHD begins to attract more attention in adult psychiatry during the last decade in Turkey, too. Other psychiatric disorders often accompany ADHD. The most common psychiatric disorders accompanying ADHD in adulthood are depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol/substance use disorder and behavioral addictions. Furthermore, ADHD might not be diagnosed properly because of these common comorbidities. Contrary to the popular belief, coping with ADHD does not become easier as time progresses. Also physiological symptoms like hyperactivity or impulsivity regress in adulthood, expectations of family and society from individual increase during university and occupational life at the same time. Thus, the number of problems that should be coped with, expectations of individual and society increase with age. ADHD that occurs in childhood often persists in adulthood and causes problems in school and occupational life. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD is important. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent comorbid psychiatric conditions that would occur in the future. The researches about the co-occurrence of ADHD and behavioral addictions are increasing in recent years. Thus, clinicians must detect the patients in terms of comorbidity, and diagnose and treat the patients diagnosed with ADHD or behavioral addictions properly. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to behavioral addictions that often coexist with ADHD and possible effects of this co-occurrence on adulthood life stage.

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