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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2016;6(3):175-182
Dijital oyun bağımlılığında tanı ve tedavi
C Şengül, A Büber
Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli
Video oyunları 1980’li yıllardan beri popüler kültürün bir parçasıdır. İnternetin yaygınlaşması ile birlikte 2000’li yıllarda çevrim içi oynanan oyunlar popüler hale gelmiştir. Günümüzde cep telefonları yaygınlaşmış ve cep telefonları ile oyun oynama, internette sörf yapma mümkün hale gelmiştir. Bir milyardan fazla insan çevrim içi oyunlar oynamakta ve bunların bir kısmı bu oyunları aşırı miktarda oynamaktadır. Dijital oyun bağımlılığı aşırı ve kompulsif bir şekilde bilgisayar veya video oyunlarının oynanması ve oyuncunun da bu aşırı kullanımı kontrol edememesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Dijital oyun bağımlılığı Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı’nın 5. versiyonunun (DSM-5) araştırma ekinde yer alan yeni bir bozukluktur. Bu konuda yakın zamanda çok sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmalarda, bozukluğun nörobiyolojisi, tanısı, eş hastalanma durumları ve tedavisi ele alınmıştır. Dijital oyun bağımlılığı ayrıca ülkeden ülkeye yaygınlığı değişen kültürel yönü olan da bir hastalıktır. Doğu Asya ülkelerinde dünyanın kalanına göre daha yüksek yaygınlık oranları bildirilmiştir. Çalışmalar ayrıca dijital oyun bağımlılığının moleküler ve davranışsal seviyede madde bağımlılığı ile benzerlikler gösterdiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Dijital oyun bağımlılığı ayrıca depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları ve bipolar bozukluk gibi diğer psikiyatri hastalıklarla yüksek komorbidite gösteren bir durumdur. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu da dijital oyun bağımlılığı ile yüksek komorbidite göstermektedir ve ayrıca oyun bağımlılığı gelişmesi için majör bir risk faktörüdür. Bu bozukluğun tedavisi farmakolojik tedaviler ve psikoterapotik yaklaşımları içermektedir. Bu gözden geçirmenin amacı dijital oyun bağımlılığı hakkında mevcut bilgimizi ve bozukluğun nörobiyolojisi, tanısı ve tedavisindeki gelişmeleri derlemektir.
Diagnosis and treatment of digital game addiction
Video games are a part of popular culture since 1980’s. After the widening use of internet, online games became very popular after 2000’s. Nowadays cell phones are very common and lots of things like gaming and surfing on internet could be done with a phone. More than one billion people are playing online games and some of them are playing online games excessively. Digital gaming addiction is defined as excessive and compulsive use of computers or video games and the gamer is unable to control this excessive use. Internet gaming disorder is a new disorder currently mentioned in the appendix of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 5th edition (DSM-5). Recently, many researches were performed on this topic. Neurobiology, diagnosis, comorbidity and treatment of digital gaming addiction were investigated in these studies. Moreover cultural part is important in this disorder because it varies from country to country. Higher prevalence was reported in Eastern Asia countries than in the rest of the world. Researches revealed that digital gaming addiction shares similarities with other addictions, including substance dependence, at molecular neurocircuitry and behavioral levels. Digital gaming addiction also have high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, like depression, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is also highly comorbid with digital gaming addiction and it is accepted as a major risk factor for this disorder. Treatment of digital gaming disorder consists of pharmacological treatment and psychotherapeutic approaches. The aim of this review is to assess current knowledge on digital gaming addiction and developments in neurobiology, diagnosis and treatment in this disorder.

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