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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2016;6(2):96-105
Uyku Bozukluklarında Tanı
H Karadağ
Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara
Uyku ile ilgili yakınmalar psikiyatri pratiğinde en sık karşılaşılan sorunlardandır. Bu yakınmalar; birincil bir uyku bozukluğu, hemen hemen tüm psikiyatrik bozukluklarının bir belirtisi, psikiyatrik bozuklukların alevlenme veya kalıntı belirtisi olarak karşımıza çıkabilir. Bu nedenle uyku ile ilgili yakınmaların, özellikle de uykusuzluk yakınmasının bir belirti olarak ele alınması ve nedenlerinin belirlenmesi gerekir. Uyku bozukluklarının klinik değerlendirmesinde en iyi araç hasta ve yakınlarından alınan ayrıntılı bir öyküdür. Alınan öyküde; hastanın sosyodemografik verileri, uyku yakınmalarının seyri, yakınmadan önceki uyku paterni, uyku hijyeni, psikiyatrik öykü, diğer tıbbi sorunlar, aile öyküsü öğrenilmeli ve bütün sistemler gözden geçirilmelidir. Uykuya dalma ve uykuyu sürdürme yakınması en sık karşılaştığımız yakınma olup; psikofizyolojik insomnide hastanın yakınmalarının başladığı dönemlerde öyküde açık bir stres etmeni veya olumlu bir yaşam olayı bulunmaktadır. İdiyopatik insomnide uykusuzluk yakınmasının zaman zaman dalgalanmalar olacak şekilde uzun zamandır bulunması yol göstericidir. Öyküde düzensiz uyku saatleri, geç vakitlerde egzersiz yapılması, kafein tüketimi uyku hijyeni ile ilgili sorunları ele almamız konusunda uyarıcı olmalıdır. Uykusuzluk yakınmasına diğer psikiyatrik belirtilerin eşlik etmesi durumunda, uykusuzluk yakınmasının psikiyatrik bir tablonun parçası olduğu düşünülmelidir. Yakınma bir psikiyatrik bozukluğun tedavisinden sonra devam etmekte ise bozukluğun yineleme riskinin azaltılması için, kalıntı bir belirti olarak ele alıp tedavisi düzenlenmelidir. Uyku bozukluklarında tanıda altın standart polisomnografik incelemedir. Uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozuklukları ve narkolepsi tanısında; bazı durumlarda parasomnilerde ve insomnilerde; tanı şüpheliyse ve tedavi başarısız olduğu durumlarda polisomnografi endikasyonu vardır.
Diagnosis in Sleep Disorders
Sleep complaints are frequent in clinical practice of psychiatry. These complaints may be due to a primary sleep disorder or may be related with another psychiatric disorder, as a symptom of an exacerbation or residual period of the disorder. Therefore sleep complaints especially insomnia needs to be taken as a symptom and possible related factors should be evaluated. The best tool for evaluating sleep disorders is the anamnesis taken from patients and their families. Sociodemographic properties, progress of sleep complaint, previous sleep pattern, sleep hygiene, general psychiatric history, other medical problems and family medical history should be asked. Difficulty in falling and staying asleep are the most frequent complaints in practice. In psychophysiologic insomnia a manifest stress factor or a life event may be detected at the beginning of the complaints. Idiopathic insomnia is related more with chronic and fluctuating course. Irregular sleeping periods, physical exercise in late hours, caffeine consumption should be warning about problems of sleep hygiene. In the presence of other comorbid psychiatric symptoms insomnia may be a part of another psychiatric disorder. If sleep complaint is a residual symptom of a psychiatric disorder it should be treated; otherwise relapse risk of the psychiatric disorder increases. Gold standard for the diagnosis of sleep disorders is polysomnography. Polysomnography is indicated for the diagnosis of sleep related breathing disorders, narcolepsy, in some cases of parasomnias, insomnias, if the diagnosis is not clear and if a remission cannot be achieved.

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