Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2001; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2001;12(2):147-156
Duygudurum düzenleyici iki ilaç lityum ve valproatın etki mekanizmalarına ilişkin bulgular
A Yıldız, Z Tunca
Ege Ünv. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri ABD, İzmir
Milyonlarca insanın hayatını yıkıcı bir biçimde etkileyen bipolar afektif bozukluğun fizyolojisi, gerek epizodik ve iki zıt uçlu karmaşık seyri, gerekse hayvan modellerinin oluşturulamaması nedeniyle bugüne kadar pek anlaşılamamıştır. Yine aynı nedenlerle, bu hastalığın fizyolojisini anlamak ancak, bu bozukluğun tedavisinde etkinliği bilinen ilaçların hangi mekanizmalarla etki ettiğini anlayarak gerçekleşebilecek gibi gözükmektedir. Bu yüzden, bu hastalığın seyrini önemli ölçüde değiştirebilen iki ilaç lityum ve valproatın etki mekanizmalarının anlaşılabilmesi özel bir önem taşımakta olup, psikiyatri tarihinin son yılları bu alanda çarpıcı gelişmelere tanık olmuştur. Bunlar arasında, lityum ve valproatın, protein kinaz C- a ve -e, ve miristollenmiş (myristoylated) alenin-zengin C kinaz substratı (MARCKS) proteini düzeylerinde, glikojen sentetaz kinaz-3b enzim aktivitesinde, B hücresi lenfoma nöroprotektif protein-2 düzeylerinde, aktivator protein-1’in DNA’ya bağlanmasında meydana getirdikleri değişiklikler sayılabilir. Bu yazıda bu ilaçların etki mekanizmalarına ilişkin bugüne değin yapılan araştırmalarda gelinen nokta belirlenmeye çalışılmış ve bu bilgiler ışığında bipolar bozukluğa ve duygudurum düzenleyici olarak kabul edilen iki klasik ilaca yönelik anlayışımıza yeni bir perspektif kazandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Gelecekte, bu mekanizmaların birbirleriyle ve duygudurumundaki salınımların kontrol altına alınmasıyla olan ilişkileri tam olarak açıklığa kavuşturulduğunda, bu kompleks bozukluğun fizyolojisinin anlaşılması ve daha etkin ve güvenli yeni duygudurum düzenleyici ilaçların keşfi mümkün olacaktır.

Recent Findings About the Mechanism of Action of Two Mood Stabilizing Agents: Lithium and Valproate
The physiology underlying bipolar illness has yet to be elucidated. This is partly related to its complexity, and partly to a lack of animal models of the illness. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the mood-stabilizing effects of two well-known drugs, lithium and valproate, seems to be the only possible way to track the physiologic mechanisms relating to the disease process itself. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of the actions of these two mood-stabilizing drugs is of great importance. In recent [year]s, psychopharmacological research has witnessed striking developments in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the mood-stabilizing effects of these drugs. For instance, the inositol depletion theory constituted the only plausible explanation of the mechanism underlying the mood stabilizing effect of lithium for [year]s. However, it has recently been discovered that some of the initial actions of lithium may occur through a reduction of myo-inositol, which in turn may initiate a cascade of secondary changes at different levels of the signal transduction process and gene expression in the brain, effects that are ultimately responsible for the therapeutic benefits of lithium. Additionally, lithium and valproate have been shown to share some common effects later in this cascade, such as effects on protein kinase C-a, and -e, myristoylated alenine rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein, glycogen synthase kinase 3b (GSK 3b), B cell lymphoma-2 neuroprotective protein and activator protein-I (AP-I) DNA binding activity. In an attempt to give a new perspective to the understanding of the disease process as well as the mood stabilizing effects of these two drugs, we summarized current findings in molecular and cellular psychopharmacological research. The precise delineation of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of these drugs will increase our understanding of bipolar illness as well as enabling the discovery of new mood stabilizing drugs with a better safety and efficacy profile.

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