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Yıl:2001; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2001;12(2):99-110
Halkın şizofreniye bakışı ve yaklaşımı üzerine bir epidemiyolojik araştırma
A Sağduyu, T Aker, E Özmen, K Ögel, D Tamar
Başkent Ü. Tıp Fak., Psikiyatri Bl., Ankara
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, halkın şizofreniyi ne ölçüde tanıdığını, etiyolojisine ve tedavisine nasıl yaklaştığını ve bu hastalara karşı tutumunu belirlemektir.

Yöntem: Çalışmada kullanılan veriler RUTUP projesinde (Ruhsal Hastalıklarda Tutum Projesi) kullanılan anketin şizofreni modülünden elde edilmiştir. Tarama çalışması, İstanbul’un 24 ayrı ilçesinde yaşayan 707 yetişkin ile, evlerinde yüzyüze görüşme yolu ile, 2000 yılının Haziran ayında gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Örneklemi oluşturan bireylerin çoğu (% 76.5) şizofreniyi bir ruhsal hastalık olarak tanımlamıştır. Stresli yaşam koşulları (% 54.3) ve kişilik zayıflığı (% 52) etiyolojide en önde görülen etkenlerdir. En çok doktorlar, onların içinde de psikiyatrlar, hastalığa çare olarak görülmektedir. Örneklemin dörtte biri şizofreninin tamamen iyileşmeyeceğine ve % 40’ı sosyal sorunlarda düzelme olmadan iyileşme olmayacağına inanmaktadır. Şizofreninin ruhsal bir hastalık olduğuna inananların %60’a yakını şizofreniyi tedavi edilebilir bir hastalık olarak görmekte, % 58.6’sı psikoterapi ile, %32.3’ü ilaçla tedavi edilebileceğini düşünmektedir. Bu grubun % 44.8’i tedavide kullanılan ilaçların bağımlılık yapabileceğine, %25.4’ü ciddi yan etkilere neden olabileceğine inanmaktadır. Örneklemin dörtte biri şizofrenlerin tehlikeli olduğuna ve toplum içinde serbest bırakılmaması gerektiğine inanmaktadır. Eğitim ve sosyoekonomik düzey düştükçe bu hastalara yaklaşım daha olumsuz olmaktadır.

Sonuç: Halkın şizofreniyi tanıması, atfettiği nedenler, tedaviye yaklaşımı ve hastaların etiketlenmesi bakımından iyimser olunabilirse de, elde edilen bulgular hastalığın ilaçla tedavisi hakkında eğitime gereksinim olduğunu düşündürmektedir.
An Epidemiologic Investigation of the Public’s Attitudes Towards Schizophrenia
Objective: To assess the public’s recognition of schizophrenia, their beliefs about its etiology and treatment, and attitudes towards schizophrenia.

Method: Data were derived from the schizophrenia module of the questionnaire used in the research project entitled "Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders". The survey was conducted with face to face interviews in the homes of 707 adults located in 24 different districts of Istanbul in June 2000.

Results: The results indicate that the majority of the public identify schizophrenia as a mental illness (76.5%), and stressful life events (54.3%) and weak mental constitution (52%) are the most commonly endorsed causes of schizophrenia. Doctors, especially psychiatrists, are seen as providing the solution to schizophrenia. One fourth of the sample believe that schizophrenia can not be completely cured; 40% believe that schizophrenia sufferers will not improve unless social problems are solved. Nearly 60% of the respondents who believe that schizophrenia is a mental disorder consider schizophrenic disorder to be a treatable illness; among the respondents 58.6% consider psychotherapy and 32.3% consider pharmachotherapy to be an appropriate treatment for schizophrenic disorder. 44.8% of this group believe that the drugs used for schizophrenia may cause addiction, and 25.4% believe that these drugs have side-effects. One fourth of the sample hold the opinion that people with schizophrenia are dangerous and their freedom should be restricted. The attitudes of respondents towards schizophrenia are more negative in lower educational and socioeconomic groups.

Conclusion: While there are reasons for optimism in the light of the findings on the public’s recognition of schizophrenia, causal attribution, preference for treatment and stigmatization of patients, there is a need for education on the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia.

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