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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2002;13(3):215-221
Sığınmacı ve göçmenlerde psikopatoloji
A Ekşi
İstanbul Ü. Tıp Fak.
Son yıllarda, göçmen ve sığınmacı psikopatolojisini ele alan çok sayıda araştırma dikkati çekmektedir. Bu yazıda, 1990-2000 yılları arasında psikiyatri alanında yayınlanmış Türkçe ve İngilizce eserler gözden geçirilmiştir. Yayınlarda, göçmen ve sığınmacı sorunları çeşitli açılardan ayırdedilmektedir, ancak her ikisini de, geçmişteki kültürel deneyimlerini yeni kültür ve yaşamla bütünleştirme konusunun çeşitli şekillerde etkilediği belirtilmektedir. Göç edilen ülke kültüründen etkilenme derecesini belirleyen önemli değişkenler, bireyin yaşı, kendi ülkesi ile göç ettiği yer arasındaki kültür değerlerinin farklılık derecesi; doğduğu ülkenin insanları ile ilişki kurabilme ve onlardan destek alabilme olanağının bulunması, kişiliği ve aile yapısının niteliğidir. Birey, kendi eski toplumunda oynamakta olduğu rollerin bir kısmını kaybeder. Bu roller onun kimlik duygusunun parçalarıdır. Büyük problem, yeni çevrede yerini bulma güçlüğüdür. Başarılı uyum yapamamışsa, akültüratif stres ortaya çıkar. Yalnızlık ve izolasyon duyguları depressif eğilimleri şiddetlendirir. Göç ve sığınma, bireyde daha önceden var olan problemleri arttırır ya da yeni problemlerin çıkmasına yol açar. Yayınlara göre özellikle sığınmacılar travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, depresyon, anksiyete bozukluğu, psikosomatik yakınmalar, intihar düşünceleri ve intihar davranışı için önemli bir risk grubunu oluştururlar. Yayınlarda, göçmen ve sığınmacılardaki uyum sorununun kolaylaştırılması gereği önemle vurgulanmaktadır.
The Psychopathology of Immigrants and Refugees
The twentieth century witnessed major waves of emigration, exile and taking refuge abroad. In this paper, a review of the psychiatric literature published between 1990 and 2000 in English and Turkish is presented. Although refugees are considered to differ from economic migrants in a number of respects, they both experience culture and [language] change and may experience family disruption, social isolation, and hostility from the population of the host country. Accordingly, all refugees and immigrants go through stages of resettlement and need to integrate their past cultural experiences into their new life and culture. The process of integration depends on the subjects’ age, mental integrity, and on the conditions he/she lives in. Research indicates that children acculturate more quickly and learn [language] faster than elders; but they may suffer from role reversal when they are expected to be linguistic and cultural translators for their parents. Young adults at the stage of identity formation can be cut off and feel alienated. Elderly persons have a higher risk of culture shock as they leave behind more memories and connections. These trigger different types of anxieties. The literature shows high levels of acculturative distress, and psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression, and refugees are considered to be at risk for suicidal behavior. The complex social and psychological needs of refugee and immigrant families place demands on special services for children, adolescents and adults.

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