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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences; 2016;3(2):48-52
Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklar Üzerine Odaklanan Hastalık Modellemeleri İçin Yeni Sınırlar Olarak Hasta-Kaynaklı KökHücreleri
KS Sidhu
South Wales Unıversıty, Australıa
Alzheimer Hastalığı(AH) nörodejeneratif bir bozukluktur ve dünya çapında 46.9 milyonun üzerinde insanı etkileyen demans hastalığının en yaygın şeklini temsil eder. Alzheimer Hastalığı(AD), beyindeki spesifik nöronların artan kaybı sonucu uzun süreli hafıza kaybı ile başlayan, vücut fonksiyonlarının yavaş ve sürekli olarak yitirildiği, ve en sonunda ölüm ile neticelenen ciddi bir hastalıktır. Alzheimer Hastalığı’nın patolojisi, Alzheimer Hastalığı’nı yeniden özetleyen uygun hayvan ve/ya da deney ortamındaki modellerin eksikliği nedeniyle tarif edilmesi zor bir hastalık olarak kalmıştır. Hastanın somatik hücrelerinden edinilen uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücreleri(iPS) ve dolayısıyla hasta-özgü ve hastalık-özgü iPS hücreleri rejeneratif tıpta, ilaç keşfetmede ve deney ortamında hastalık modellemede büyük bir potansiyel arz eder. Bu çalışmada, 4 pluripotent geni olan Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 ve cMyc’i içeren polycistronic lentiviral vektörü kullanan erken hastalık başlangıcı olan Alzheimer hastalarından besleyici eksik İPS hücrelerinin ilk jenerasyonunu raporladık. Bu İPS hücrelerinin SCID farelerine enjekte edilmesinden sonra kök hücresi yüzey yapıcıları, gen ifadeleri ve teratoma formasyonu gibi hem deney ortamlarında hem yaşayan organizma denemelerinde gösterildiği gibi İPS hücreleri pluripotenttir. Alzheimer hastalığına yatkınlığı olan hastalardaki bu İPS hücreleri mikroçipler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir ve data ölçümü bu hastalık ve gelecek rejeneratif tıp için deney ortamındaki modellerin gelişimine yardımcı olacaktır. Genom-kapsamlı mikroçip analizi ortaya çıkarmıştır ki; Alzheimer hastalığıİPS hücreleri İPS hücrelerinin ve hESC yollarının kontrolüne benzerdir. Ancak, 8 aday gen ailevi ve sporadik hücreler arasında farklılar ortaya koymuştur. Bazı Alzheimer’a özgü genler ve yolları, bu hücrelerde ve bunun sonucu olarak deney ortamında hastalık modellemede fazla temsil edilmiştir.
Patient-derived Stem Cells as New Frontiers for Disease Modelling with Focus on Neurodegenerative Diseases
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and represents the most common form of dementia, affecting over 46.9 million people worldwide. AD is characterized by the progressive loss of specific neurons in the brain, which leads to gradual loss of bodily functions, long term memory loss and eventually death. The pathology of AD remains elusive due to the lack of appropriate animal and/or in vitro models, which recapitulate the human AD. The induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from patient’s somatic cells and thus patient-specific and disease-specific iPS cells offer great potential in regenerative medicine, in drug discovery and modelling disease processes in vitro. Here we report the first generation of feeder-free iPS cells from Alzheimer’s patients with an early onset of disease using a polycistronic lentiviral vector containing four pluripotent genes, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc. These iPS cells are pluripotent as demonstrated by both the in vitro and in vivo assays i.e. stem cell surface markers, gene expressions and teratomas formation after injecting these cells into the SCID mice. These iPS cells from patients that are predisposed to Alzheimer’s disease have been analyzed by using the microarray chip and the computation of data is assisting in developing the in vitro models for this disease and for future regenerative medicine. Genome-wide microarray analysis revealed that AD-iPS cells are similar to control iPS cells and hESC lines; however, eight candidate genes differentially expressed between familial iPS cells and sporadic iPS cells. Some Alzheimer’s specific genes and pathways were overrepresented in these cells hence in vitro disease modelling possible.

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