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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2002;13(4):300-311
Genetik epidemiyoloji: Psikiyatrik araştırmalarda yeri ve kullanımı
B Çakır
Hacettepe Ü. Tıp Fak., Halk Sağlığı AD, Ankara
Günümüzde ruhsal hastalıkların çok sayıda farklı faktörün etkileşimi sonucu geliştiği kabul edilmektedir. Ruhsal hastalıkların nedenlerinin ve ilgili risk faktörlerinin tanımlanması bu tür hastalıklardan korunmaya yönelik çalışmaların etkinliğini arttıracaktır. Hastalıkların sıklık, dağılım ve nedenlerini araştırmak, hastalık gelişiminde rol oynayan faktörlerin ne oranda genetik ve/veya çevresel kökenli olduğunu incelemek ve (varsa) genetik yapı-çevre etkileşim boyutunu ortaya çıkarmak konusunda kullanılan yöntem bilimi genetik epidemiyolojidir.

Hekimler kliniğe ruhsal bir hastalık nedeniyle başvuran hastaların aile ve akrabalarında benzeri sağlık sorunlarının sık görüldüğünü saptadıklarında ya da toplum-tabanlı çalışmalarda belirli yer, zaman ya da gruplarda bazı ruhsal hastalıklar beklenenden daha sık olarak bulunduğunda, bu tür ruhsal hastalıkların kalıtsal geçiş gösterebileceği düşünülmekte ve hemen genetik araştırmalara yönelinmektedir. Oysa ki, bu tür durumlarda hastalık genetik geçişli olabileceği gibi; diğer bir genetik geçişli hastalığa eşlik ediyor olabilir; ya da hastalığın kendisi değil ancak hastalık risk faktörleri ailesel yığılım gösteriyor olabilir. Ayrıca, tüm genetik araştırmalarda olduğu gibi psikiyatrik hastalıkların araştırılmasında da öncelikle şans, taraf tutma (bias) ve karıştırıcı faktörlerin rolü incelenmeli ve dışlanmalıdır.

Bu yazıda ruhsal hastalıkların genetik yapı ile olan ilişkisini inceleyen araştırma tipleri ile bu tür araştırmaların planlama ve analizinde dikkat edilmesi gereken konular vurgulanmakta ve olası hata kaynakları özetlenmektedir.
Genetic Epidemiology: Its Use in Psychiatric Research
Psychiatric disorders, a growing health concern, are believed to occur due to the interaction of multiple factors. Identification of the causes of psychiatric disorders and related risk factors will increase the efficiency of the development and implementation of relevant preventive measures. Genetic epidemiology studies the frequency, distribution and causes of diseases and enables one to investigate how genetic and/or environmental factors interact in producing the complex phenotypes of various disorders.

Genetic research is often initiated when a clinician detects similar cases of pychiatric disorders among relatives of patients admitted to the clinic and/or when the frequency of a particular disease is found to be significantly higher than expected in a particular group of the population or place or at a particular time. High occurrence rates of a particular psychiatric disease could reflect a genetically transmitted disorder, could be due to familial aggregation of disease risk factors, or could be linked to another genetically transmitted disease. Preceding comprehensive genetic research, the role of chance, bias, and confounding factors should definitely be excluded.

This review summarizes the epidemiologic study designs used to investigate the role of genetic structure in the occurrence of psychiatric disorders, the issues to be considered in designing and conducting such studies and potential sources of error.

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