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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikoloji Özel Dergisi; 2016;1(1):1-9
İnsan Zekâsının Cattell-Horn-Carroll Kuramı
S Uluç
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Psikoloji biliminin temel hedeflerinden biri, insan davranışlarını ve söz konusu davranışların altında yatan zihinsel süreçleri anlamak ve açıklamaktır. Bireysel farklılıklar söz konusu olduğunda ise ?zekâ? psikolojik ölçüm araçları kullanılarak değerlendirilen özelliklerin başında gelmektedir. Günümüzde ?zekâ? kavramı ile ilgili genel geçer ve kesin bir tanıma henüz ulaşılamamış olmakla birlikte, kavramsal düzeyde farklı kuramcılar tarafından çeşitli tanımlar yapılmıştır. Kamphaus ve ark., zekâ testlerinin tarihçesini genel düzeyde ölçme, klinik profil analizi, psikometrik profil analizi ve zekâ testi yorumunda kurama başvurma olmak üzere dört temel akıma dayanarak tanımlamışlardır. Zihinsel Yetilerin Cattell-Horn-Carroll Kuramı dördüncü dönemi tanımlayan yaklaşımdır. CHC Kuramı, insan bilişsel becerilerinin yapı ve içeriği ile ilgili geleneksel iki kuramın ortaklığından oluşan bir kuramdır. Bu kuramlardan ilki Cattell ve Horn?un Gf-Gc (Akıcı Zekâ-Kristalize Zekâ) Kuramı, ikincisi ise Carroll?un (1993) Üç-Tabakalı Modeli?dir. CHC Kuramı McGrew (1997) tarafından geliştirilmeye başlanmış ve Flanagan?ın katkılarıyla yenilenmiştir. Kuramda 10 geniş beceri kümesi ve bunların altında yer alan 70 daha sınırlı beceri bulunmaktadır. Bu yazı çerçevesinde, CHC kuramı klinik bağlamda tanıtılmıştır.
Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory of Human Intelligence
One of the main goals of psychology is to understand human behaviors and explain mental processes that underlie such behaviors. In the case of the individual differences, "intelligence" is one of the most popular properties assessed by using psychological assessment instruments. Today, precise conceptualization related to intelligence has not yet been reached. Several definitions by different theorists have been made at the conceptual level. Kamphaus and colleagues have identified four basic movements based on the history of intelligence tests: (1) measuring intelligence at the general level, (2) analysis of clinical profile, (3) psychometric profile analysis and (4) theory based intelligence test development. Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities (CHC) is an approach that identifies the fourth period. CHC theory includes two conventional approaches to the structure and content of human cognitive abilities. First approach is The Cattell and Horn Fluent (Gf) -Crystallized Intelligence (Gc) Theory and the latter is Carroll?s (1993) ThreeStratum Model. Original CHC Theory was developed by McGraw (1997) and has been revised by Flanagan. Model includes 10 Broad Ability Clusters and the more limited 70 abilities under this cluster. In the framework of this article, CHC theory is described in the clinical context.

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