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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Özel Dergisi; 2015;1(3):54-62
Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Tedaviye Dirençli Psikotik Bozukluklarda Tedavi Stratejileri
A Erdoğan, YE Haskılıç
Düzce Üniversitesi, Düzce
Çocukluk Çağı Başlangıçlı Şizofrenisi (ÇÇBŞ) (psikotik semptomların 13 yaşından önce başlaması) çok nadir görülen bir durumdur. Ancak hastalığın daha ciddi seyrettiği, kognitif bozulma ve tedavi direncinin daha fazla olduğuna dair veriler bulunmaktadır. Şimdiye kadar ki çalışmalar tedavi dirençli şizofrenide klozapinin hem çocuk hem erişkinlerde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Her ne kadar tedaviye dirençli şizofrenide klozapinin etkinliği gösterilse de ciddi yan etkileri nedeniyle çocuk ve ergen popülasyonunda yeterince kullanılamamaktadır. Yan etkilere rağmen tedavi direnci olan çocuk ve ergenlerde klozapin ikinci seçenek ilaç olarak oldukça etkilidir. Tedaviye dirençli şizofreni tedavisinde klozapini güçlendirme amacıyla antipsikotikler, antidepresanlar, duygudurum düzenleyicileri, diğer bazı ilaçlar (omega-3 yağ asitleri ve glutamaterjik ajanlar) ve Elektro-konvülsif terapi (EKT) kullanılmaktadır. Antipsikotik polifarmasi klinik pratikte sıklıkla kullanılmasına rağmen yan etkileri fazladır ve etkinliğine dair kanıtlar yetersizdir. Klozapinin risperidon, lamotrijin, amisülpirid, aripiprazol, mirtazapin, omega-3 yağ asitleri ve EKT ile güçlendirmesi ile ilgili pozitif sonuçlar alındığını gösteren çıkmaya başlamıştır. Ancak daha fazla klinik araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Treatment Strategies for Treatment-Resistant Psychotic Disorders of Children and Adolescents
Childhood onset schizophrenia (COS) (onset of psychotic symptoms before age 13 years) is exceedingly rare; however, there is some evidence that COS might represent a more severe form of the disorder associated with increased severity of clinical symptoms, greater cognitive impairment, and tretment refractory disease. To date the evidence has been supported the improve defficacy of clozapine in treatment-refractory schizophrenia both adults and children. Although the role of clozapine is well established for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it is rarely used in pediatric populations, mainly due to its potentially serious adverse effects. Despite a higher incidence of adverse effects in children, clozapine appears to be a uniquely beneficial second-line agent for treating children with refractory schizophrenia. Augmentation agents added to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenic patients consist of antipsychotics, antidepressants, moodstabilizers, other agents (eg. omega 3 fatty acids and glutamatergic agents) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in this review. Antipsychotic polypharmacy is common in clinical practice, however majority of combinations increaseside-effect burden and there has been limited evidence suggests benefits of certain combinations.Some evidence regarding the success of clozapine augmentation with risperidone, lamotrigine, amisulpride, aripiprazole, mirtazapine, omega 3 fatty acids and ECT have been obtained which needs further clinical investigation.

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