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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2016;19(2):87-96
Cinsiyet Kimliği ve Cinsel Yönelime Bağlı Zorbalığa Maruz Kalma, Sosyal Destek ve Psikolojik İyilik Hali Arasındaki İlişki
FM Uluyol
Hacettepe Üniversitesi,Ankara
Lezbiyen Gey Biseksüel ve Transeksüel (LGBT) çalışmaları alanındaki tüm gelişmelere rağmen, bilimsel araştırma sonuçları ve medyadaki temsiller açısından bakıldığında, bu bireylere yönelik şiddet, ayrımcılık ve ötekileştirme tutumları devam etmektedir (Baams ve ark. 2015, Kaos GL, 2014, Lambdaistanbul 2010). Ruh sağlığı alanındaki çalışmalara bakıldığında ise LGBT bireylerin genel popülasyona kıyasla daha yüksek oranda psikolojik ve fizyolojik problem yaşadıkları bildirilmektedir (Erdoğan ve Köten 2015, Testa ve ark. 2012). Bu farkın ortaya çıkmasında, LGBT kimliklerine bağlı olarak bireylerin maruz kaldıkları ayrımcılık, ötekileştirme ve şiddet gibi olumsuz yaşam deneyimlerinin psikolojik iyilik halini olumsuz yönde etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu yazıda LGBT bireylerin maruz kaldıkları olumsuz yaşam deneyimleri zorbalık kavramı çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır. Çocuk ve genç yetişkinlerin LGBT kimliği nedeniyle aileleri, akranları ve yakın çevreleri tarafından maruz kaldıkları zorbalığın, kendilik algısı ve diğerleriyle ilgili beklentileri şekillendirerek bireylerin hem bu dönemde hem de ileriki dönemlerde psikolojik ve fizyolojik iyilik halleri üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olabileceği tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, LGBT çocuk ve genç yetişkinlerin maruz kaldıkları zorbalık deneyimleri ve çevrelerinden aldıkları sosyal desteğin iyilik halleri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. İlk olarak, LGBT bireylerin maruz kaldıkları zorbalık deneyimleri ele alınmıştır. İkinci olarak, LGBT kimliğine bağlı olarak maruz kalınan zorbalık deneyimlerinin iyilik hali üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Sonrasında, bu süreçte sosyal desteğin rolü ele alınmış ve son olarak da, LGBT bireylere karşı yapılan zorbalık deneyimleri için müdahale stratejileri tartışılmıştır.
Relationship Between Bullying Experiences Related with Gender Identity,Sexual Orientation and Social Support and Psychological Well-Being
Despite all the progress made in the Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transsexual (LGBT) area of study, especially where media representations are considered, violence, discrimination, and marginalization toward those individuals continues. Mental health studies report that LGBT individuals, as opposed to the general population, have higher rates of psychological and physiological problems. It is assumed that this situation occurs due to the adverse effects of exposure to the LGBT identity related with negative life experiences of these individuals on psychological well-being. In the current paper negative life experiences, discrimination and the marginalizing experiences of LGBT individuals are discussed in relation to the concept of bullying. Bullying behaviors that are experienced by LGBT individuals due to their LGBT identities may have negative effects on their current and later life well-being status via shaping their self-perceptions and expectations about others. In this regard, this paper examined the effects of exposure to bullying and social support on the psychological well-being of LGBT children and young adults. Firstly, the relationship between bullying experiences and LGBT identity was discussed. Secondly, the effects of the LGBT identity related to the exposure to bullying experiences on psychological well-being were examined. Thirdly, the role of social support in this process was considered. Lastly, bullying prevention strategies for LGBT people was mentioned

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