Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2016; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 7>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2016;4(7):59-85
Kolektif Suçluluk: Öncülleri, Çıktıları ve Kaçınma Yolları
NS Uğurlu, B Soylu
Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara
Bu makalenin amacı gruplar arası ilişkiler bağlamında diğer gruba zarar verme sonucunda bireylerin grup üyeliklerine bağlı olarak hissedebilecekleri kolektif suçluluk duyma ve bu duygudan kaçınmak için kullanılan stratejileri kapsayan çalışmaları derleyerek alana tanıtmaktır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle kolektif suçluluk duyma kavramı tanımlanmaktadır. Bu tanımlamada kolektif suçluluk duymaya alternatif olarak kullanılan bazı psikolojik süreçlere değinilmekte ve kolektif suçluluğun kişisel suçluluk ve kolektif utançtan farklılıkları sunulmaktadır. Daha sonra dünyada kolektif suçluluğun görülüp görülemeyeceği ele alınmakta ve araştırmacılar tarafından bu duyguyu oluşturabileceği öne sürülen sosyal psikolojik unsurlar üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu unsurlar zarar veren grubun bir üyesi olarak kendini sınıflandırma; verilen zararda iç grubun sorumluluğu olduğunu kabul etme; zarar verici hareketlerin uygunsuz olduğunu algılama ve zararın düzeltilmesinde iç grubun ödemesi gereken bedel miktarı olarak sıralanmaktadır. Belirtilen unsurlara bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan kolektif suçluluk ve bu suçluluğu takip edebilecek çıktıların neler olduğu hakkında yürütülen araştırma bulguları paylaşılmaktadır. Son olarak, genel bir sonuç ve öneriler bölümü sunulmaktadır.
Collective Guilt: Antecedents, Outcomes, and Ways of Avoiding
The aim of this article is to present the studies that illustrate collective guilt- a common phenomenon observed in the context of intergroup relations as a consequence of harming another group and stems from sharing group membership with the harm-doers. First of all, collective guilt is defined. In this description some psychological processes used as alternatives for collective guilt are mentioned and differences of collective guilt from personel guilt and collective shame are presented. Then, whether collective guilt can be experienced on the world stage is discussed and four social psychological factors that are asserted by researchers to generate collective guilt are elaborated. These factors are self categorization as a member of a group that has harmed another group, accepting one’s group to be responsible for the harm done to another group, perceiving the damaging behaviours done by ingroup as illegitimate and the cost of making reperations in terms of ingroup. Findings related to collective guilt experienced depending on mentioned four main factors and consequences of feeling collective guilt are shared. Finally, a common conclusion and future directions are presented.

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